Okusheenya n’ekimwe aha bintu ebikuru ebirikureetaho .valvukushishikara. N’ahabw’ekyo, omu .valvuokurinda, valvu okurwanisa okusheenya n‘enshonga nkuru y‘okuteekateekaho.
Valvefoomu y'okusheenya
Okusheenya kw’ebyoma nikukira kureetwa okusheenya kw’eby’obuhangwa n’okusheenya kw’amashanyarazi, kandi okusheenya kw’ebintu ebitari by’ekyoma okutwarira hamwe nikureetwaho ebikorwa by’eby’obuhangwa n’eby’omubiri ebihikire.
1. Okusheenya kw’emibazi
Omu mbeera y’okugira ngu tihaine amashanyarazi agarikurugamu, ebirikwehinguririza nibikwatagana butunu n’ekyoma kandi kikicwekyereza, nk’okusheenya ekyoma ahabw’omuyaga gwomire ogw’obutagatsi bw’ahaiguru n’omubazi ogutari gw’amashanyarazi.
2. Okusheeshasheesha kwa Galvanic
Ekyoma nikikwatagana n’ekintu ekirikureeta amashanyarazi, ekirikureetaho okutambura kw’amashanyarazi, ekirikureetaho okweshiisha ahabw’ebikorwa by’amashanyarazi, ebiri omu muringo mukuru gw’okusheenya.
Okusheenya kw’omubazi gw’omunyugunyu ogwa asidi-base okwa buriijo, okusheenya kw’omu mwanya, okusheenya kw’itaka, okusheenya kw’amaizi g’enyanja, okusheenya kw’obukooko obukye, okusheenya kw’ebiina n’okusheenya kw’ebiina by’ekyoma ekitarikukyereba, n’ebindi, byona n’okusheenya kw’amashanyarazi. Okusheenya kw’amashanyarazi tikurikubaho ahagati y’ebintu bibiri byonka ebirikubaasa kukora omurimo gw’eby’obuhangwa, kureka n’okureetaho entaaniso z’obushoboorozi ahabw’entaaniso y’okuta omutima aha nshonga, entaaniso y’okuta omutima aha oxygen eyehinguririize, entaaniso nkye omu nkora y’ekintu, n’ebindi, kandi kitunga amaani g’okusheenya, kugira ngu ekyoma ekiine pla d y’obushoboorozi bukye n’obushoboorozi bw’eizooba.
Omuhendo gw'okusheenya
Omubaro gw’okusheenya nigubaasa kubaganisibwamu emiringo mukaaga:
(1) Okuzibira okusheeshasheesha kwona: omubaro gw’okusheeshasheesha guri ahansi ya 0.001 mm/omwaka .
(2) Okuzibira okusheenya munonga: omubaro gw’okusheenya 0.001 kuhika 0.01 mm/omwaka .
(3) Okuzibira okusheenya: omubaro gw’okusheenya 0.01 kuhika 0.1 mm/omwaka .
(4) Na hati neezibira okusheenya: omubaro gw’okusheenya 0.1 kuhika 1.0 mm/omwaka
(5) Okuzibira okusheeshasheesha kubi: omubaro gw‘okusheeshasheesha 1.0 kuhika 10 mm/omwaka .
(6) Tikirikuzibira okusheenya: omubaro gw’okusheenya nigukira ahari mm 10/omwaka .
Enkora mwenda z'okurwanisa okusheenya
1. Toorana ebintu ebitarikubaasa kusheenya kurugiirira aha nkora y‘okusheenya .
Omu kuhanga buzima, okusheenya kw’ekintu ekirikukoresibwa omu nkora nikuguma munonga, n’obu ekintu kya valve ekirikukoresibwa omu nkora emwe kiraabe kiri kimwe, okuta omutima, obutagatsi n’okuteerana kw’ekintu nikitaana, kandi okusheenya kw’ekintu ekirikukoresibwa omu nkora aha kintu tikurikushushana. Buri kweyongyera kwa 10°C omu bwire bw’obutagatsi bwagati, omubaro gw’okusheenya nigweyongyera emirundi nka 1~3.
Okuteerana kw’ahagati kwine akakwate kakuru n’okusheenya kw’ebintu bya valve, nk’oku ekiriisa kya lead kiri omu sulfuric acid n’ekicweka kikye, okusheenya nikuba kukye munonga, kandi okutaho kwaba nikurenga 96%, okusheenya nikutunguuka munonga. Ekyoma kya Carbon, okutaana n’ekyo, nikikirayo kusheeshasheesha munonga obu sulfuric acid erikuba eri nk’ebicweka 50%, kandi obusheesheka bwaba nibweyongyera kuhika ahari 60%, okusheeshasheesha nikukyendeera munonga. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, aluminiyamu neesheenya munonga omu nitric acid erimu ebiriisa ebirikurenga 80%, kwonka neesheenya munonga omu nitric acid eri ahagati n’ahansi, kandi ekyoma ekitarikukyereba nikigumira munonga nitric acid erimu ebiriisa bingi, kwonka neeyeyongyera omu nitric acid erimu ebirikukira ahari 95%.
Kuruga omu by‘okureeberaho ebi aharuguru, nikibaasa kureebwa ngu okutoorana gye eby‘okukoresa bya valve kushemerire kurugiirira aha mbeera emwe, kushwijuma enshonga zitari zimwe na zimwe ezirikuteganisa okusheenya, n‘okutoorana ebintu kurugiirira aha bitabo ebirikukwata aha kusheenya.
2. Koresa ebintu ebitari by’ekyoma
Okuzibira okusheenya kw’ebintu ebitari by’ekyoma ni kurungi munonga, kasita obutagatsi n’okuteera kw’ekyoma bya valve birikuhikiiriza ebyetaago by’ebintu ebitari by’ekyoma, tikurikubaasa kumaraho ekizibu ky’okusheenya kwonka, kureka n’okukiza ebyoma by’omuhendo. Omubiri gwa valve, bonnet, omunda, aha mutwe gw’okukinga n’ebindi ebirikukoresibwa munonga ebitari by’ekyoma nibikorwa.
Obuveera nka PTFE na chlorinated polyether, hamwe n’ebipiira by’obuhangwa, neoprene, ebipiira bya nitrile n’ebindi bipiira nibikoresibwa omu kukingaho valvu, kandi omubiri mukuru gw’omubiri gwa valve bonnet nigukorwa omu kyoma ky’okuteera n’ekyoma kya carbon. Tikirikuhamya amaani g’ekibunu kyonka, kureka n’okureeba ngu ekibunu tikirikusheenya.
Ebiro ebi, obuveera bwingi nka nylon na PTFE nibukoresibwa, kandi ebipiira by’obuhangwa n’ebipiira ebikozirwe abantu nibikoresibwa kukora ebicweka bitari bimwe na bimwe eby’okukingaho n’empeta z’okukingaho, ebirikukoresibwa aha bipimo bitari bimwe na bimwe. Ebintu ebi ebitari by’ekyoma ebirikukoresibwa nk’ebintu by’okukingaho tibiine obutafaari burungi bw’okuzibira okusheenya kwonka, kureka n’okukora gye omu kukingaho, ekirikukirayo kurungi omu kukozesa omu bihandiiko ebiine obucweka. N’amazima, tiziine maani makye kandi tizirikubaasa kukwatwa obutagatsi, kandi n’emiringo y’okuzikoresa n’emikye.
3. Okujanjaba aha mutwe gw’ekyoma
(1) Okuteerana kwa valve: Enkongoro y’okuteerana valve neekira kukyeberwa n’okugiteeraho galvanizing, chrome plating, n’okugiteeraho oxidation (bururu) kutunguura obushoboorozi bw’okuzibira okusheenya kw’omu mwanya n’omugati. Oyihireho emiringo egambirweho ahaiguru, ebindi bikwato ebirikuhamya nabyo nibikoresibwa emibazi y’aha mutwe nk’okutaho phosphate kurugiirira aha mbeera.
(2) Okukingaho aha mutwe n’ebicweka ebikingire ebiine oburaingwa bukye: emiringo y’ahaiguru nk’okutaho nitriding na boronizing neekoresibwa kutunguura okuzibira kwayo okusheenya n’okuzibira okujwara.
(3) Okuzibira okusheenya kw’omuti: okutaho nitriding, boronization, chrome plating, nickel plating n’ebindi bikorwa by’okushemeza aha mutwe nibikoresibwa munonga kutunguura okusheenya kwayo, okusheenya n’okusheenya.
Emibazi y‘ahaiguru etari emwe n‘emwe eshemerire kuba nungi ahabw‘ebintu by‘omuti ebitarikushushana n‘embeera z‘okukora, omu mwanya, omuyaga gw‘amaizi n‘omuti gw‘okupakira ogw‘okukwatanisa, nigubaasa kukoresa okutaho chrome egumire, omuringo gw‘okutaho gaasi (ekyoma ekitarikusheeshasheesha tikiine kukoresa omuringo gw‘okutaho ion nitriding): omu mwanya gw‘okutaho hydrogen sulfide co high electro niro en aine okukora gye omu kurinda; 38CrMOAIA nayo neebaasa kuguma n’okusheenya ahabw’okukoresa ion na gas nitriding, kwonka okujwara chrome egumire tikuhikire kukoresibwa; 2Cr13 neebaasa kugumira okusheeshasheesha kwa ammonia bwanyima y’okuzima n’okugifukaana, kandi ekyoma kya carbon ekirikukoresa gas nitriding nakyo nikibaasa kugumira okusheeshasheesha kwa ammonia, obwo emiringo yoona ey’okujwara phosphorus-nickel etarikugumira okusheeshasheesha kwa ammonia, kandi gaasi nitriding 38CrMOAIA ekintu kiine okusheeshasheesha okurikukirayo oburungi n’okukyebera.
(4) Omubiri gwa valve y’omutindo mukye n’ekipimo ky’omu ngaro: Kandi neekira kuteebwaho chrome kubaasa kutunguura okugizibira okusheenya n’okushemeza valvu.
4. Okufuuhirira okwotsya
Okufuuhirira omu muringo gw’okwotsya n’omuringo gw’omuringo gw’okutebeekanisa ebirungo, kandi kihindukire kimwe aha miringo mirungi y’okurinda aha mutwe gw’ebintu. Ni omuringo gw’okuhamya aha itaka ogurikukoresa enshonga z’okwotsya z’amaani maingi (omuriro gw’okwotsya gaasi, omuyaga gw’amashanyarazi, omuyaga gwa plasma, okwotsya kw’amashanyarazi, okuturika kwa gaasi, n’ebindi) kwotsya n’okusheenya eby’ekyoma nari ebitari by’ekyoma, kandi bikafuuhirira aha itaka ry’omusingi eririkubanza kukyeberwa omu muringo gw’okufuuhirira aha mutwe gw’omusingi nari omu muringo gw’okufuuhirira omu bwire nibwo bumwe, kugira ngu ekirungo kigarukye kishukyeere aha mutwe gw’ekipande kubaasa kuhanga omuringo gw’okuhamya aha mutwe gw’ekipande ky’okufuuhirira.
Ebyoma ebingi n’ebintu byabyo, ebyoma bya oxide ceramics, cermet composites n’ebyoma ebigumire nibibaasa kujwara aha byoma nari ebitari by’ekyoma omu muringo gumwe nari bingi eby’okufuuhirira eby’okwotsya, ebirikubaasa kutunguura okuzibira okusheenya aha itaka, okuzibira okujwara, okuzibira obutagatsi bw’ahaiguru n’ebindi birungi by’obuheereza, n’okumara obwire buraingwa. Okufuuhirira kw’okwotsya okuri omu nkora y’omutaano, okurimu okuzibira obutagatsi, okuzibira (nari amashanyarazi agatari ga buriijo), okukinga okurikubaasa kushekyererwa, okwesiiga, okurabira omu bwire bw’okwotsya, okuzibira amashanyarazi n’ebindi eby’omutaano, okukoresa okufuuhirira kw’okwotsya nikubaasa kuboneza ebicweka.
5. Fuuhirira erangi
Okukingira n’omuringo ogurikukoresibwa munonga omu kurwanisa okusheenya, kandi n’ekintu ekitarikwetengyesa ekirikurwanisa okusheenya n’akamanyiso k’okumanyisa aha bintu bya valve. Okukingira nakyo n’ekintu ekitari ky’ekyoma, ekirikukira kukorwa omu nshaho y’ekyoma, omu nshaho y’emipiira, amajuta g’emboga, ekirungo ky’ekyoma, n’ebindi, ekirikukingira aha mutwe gw’ekyoma, nikitaanisaho ebiri ahagati n’omu mwanya, kandi kihikiiriza ekigyendererwa ky’okurwanisa okusheenya.
Ebirungo nibikira kukozesebwa omu maizi, amaizi g’omunyugunyu, amaizi g’enyanja, omu mwanya n’ebindi ebitarikusheeshasheesha munonga. Ekiina ky’omunda kya valve nikikira kusiigwa erangi erikuzibira okusheenya okuzibira amaizi, empeho n’ebindi bikoreso kusheenya valve .
6. Yongyeraho ebizibira okusheenya
Omuringo ogu ebizibu by’okusheeshasheesha birikukoresa kukyebera okusheeshasheesha n’okutunguura okusheenyagura kwa battery. Ebirikuzibira okusheenya nibikira kukozesebwa omu by’amakuru n’omu by’okujwisa. Okwongyeraho ebizibu by’okusheeshasheesha omu nkora nikibaasa kukyendeeza okusheeshasheesha kw’ebikwato n’ebikwato by’okusheeshasheesha, nk’ekyoma ekitarikusheeshasheesha ekya chromium-nickel omu sulfuric acid etaine oxygen, omubaro muhango gw’okusheeshasheesha omu mbeera y’okwotsya, okusheeshasheesha nikuba kuri okw’akabi munonga, kwonka okwongyeraho omubaro mukye gw’ebiriisa by’omuringa ebitarikusheeshasheesha n’ebindi bishaju by’okusheeshasheesha nibibaasa kuhindura ebiriisa by’omuringa n’ebindi ebitarikusheeshasheesha, nari blunt state, aha mutwe gw’ekipande ky’okwerinda okuzibira okusheenya kw’omugati, omu hydrochloric acid, kyayongyerwamu akacweka kakye k’okwitsya, okusheenya kwa titanium nikubaasa kukyendeera.
Okukyebera pressure ya valve nikukira kukozesebwa nk’omuringo gw’okugyezaho pressure, ekyanguhi kureetera okusheenya kw’valvu, kandi okutaho sodium nitrite nkye omu maizi nikibaasa kuzibira valve kusheenya amaizi. Okupakira kwa asbestos kurimu chloride, erikushiisha munonga omuti gwa valve, kandi chloride neebaasa kukyendeera omuringo gw’okwozya amaizi g’omuriro gwakoresibwa, kwonka omuringo ogu gugumire munonga kuta omu nkora, kandi tigurikubaasa kumanyirwa abantu boona, kandi nigukora gye aha byetengo by’omutaano byonka.
Okubaasa kurinda omuti gwa valve n’okuzibira okusheeshasheesha kw’ebipapura bya asbestos, omu kupakira kwa asbestos, ekirikuzibira okusheeshasheesha n’ekyoma ky’okuhayo nibiteebwa aha muti gwa valve, ekirikuzibira okusheeshasheesha kirimu sodium nitrite na sodium ichromate, ekirikubaasa kureetaho passivace film y’okusheeshasheesha kw’ekipapura ky’amabaare n’ekyoma ky’okuzibira okusheeshasheesha aha mutwe gwa valve. valve stem, kandi ekirungo nikibaasa kureetera ekirikuzibira okusheenya mpora mpora kandi kikore omurimo gw’okusiiga; Omu mazima, zinc nayo n’ekintu ekirikuzibira okusheenya, ekirikubaasa kubanza kyakwatanisa na chloride eri omu asbestos, kugira ngu kloride n’omugisha gw’okukoragana n’ekyoma ky’omuti gukyendeere munonga, kugira ngu kihikiirize ekigyendererwa ky’okurwanisa okusheenya.
7. Okurinda amashanyarazi
Hariho emiringo ebiri y’obukuumi bw’amashanyarazi: oburinzi bwa anodic n’obukuumi bwa cathodic. Zinc ku eraabe neekoresibwa kurinda ekyoma, zinc neesheesheka, zinc neeyetwa ekyoma ky’ekitambo, omu nkora y’okukora, okurinda anode nikukoresibwa kakye, okurinda cathodic nikukoresibwa munonga. Omuringo ogu gw’okwerinda ogwa katodi nigukoresibwa aha bicupuri bihango n’ebicupuri ebikuru, ogu n’omuringo gw’eby’entaasya, ogwanguhi kandi ogurikukora gye, kandi zinc neeyongyerwa omu kupakira kwa asbestos kurinda omuti gw’ebicupuri.
8. Okutegyeka eby’obuhangwa ebirikushiisha .
Eki barikweta eby‘obuhangwa kiine emiringo ebiri y‘okumanyisa okuhango n‘okumanyisa okukye, okumanyisa okuhango kw‘eby‘obuhangwa nikumanyisa embeera eyehinguririize omwanya gw‘okutaho valvu n‘omuhanda gwayo gw‘omunda gw‘okutambura, kandi okumanyisa okukye kw‘embeera nikumanyisa embeera ezirikwehinguririza omwanya gw‘okutaho valvu.
Embeera nyingi tizirikubaasa kutegyekwa, kandi emiringo y’okukora ebintu terikubaasa kuhindurwa omu muringo gw’obushaarizi. Omu mbeera yonka ngu tiharikwija kubaho okushiisha kw’ekintu n’omuringo, omuringo gw’okutegyeka eby’obuhangwa nigubaasa kukoresibwa, nk’okukyendeeza oxygen omu maizi g’omu boiler, okwongyeraho alkali omu nkora y’okushemeza amajuta kuhindura omuhendo gwa PH, n’ebindi. omwanya.
Omu mwanya gwijwire omucuucu, omuyaga gw’amaizi n’omwika, namunonga omu mwanya gw’okukoramu, nk’omucuucu gw’omwika, omuyaga gw’obutwa n’esaano nungi erikuruga omu bikwato, ebirikwija kureetera okusheenya kw’emiringo etari emwe n’emwe aha valve. Orikugikozesa ashemerire kuguma nayonja n’okushemeza valvu kandi akagiteekamu amajuta buri kaanya kurugiirira aha biragiro by’emiringo y’okugikozesa, eki n’omuringo murungi gw’okuzibira okusheenyagura kw’eby’obuhangwa. Okutaho ekikingirizo ky’okwerinda aha rubaju rwa valvu, okutaho eiziba ry’ahansi aha valvu y’ahansi, n’okufuuhirira erangi aha mutwe gwa valvu n’emiringo yoona ey’okuzibira ebintu ebirikushiisha okusheenya .valvu.
Okwongyera aha bwire bw‘obwire n‘okushiisha empeho, namunonga aha bikwato n‘ebikwato ebiri omu mwanya ogukingire, nibiija kwongyera aha kusheenya kwabyo, kandi emyanya y‘okukoreramu eigukire nari emiringo y‘okutaho omuyaga n‘okukyendeeza oburofa eshemerire kukoresibwa nk‘oku kirikubaasika kukyendeeza okusheenya kw‘eby‘obuhangwa.
9. Kutunguura tekinologiya y’okukora n’omutindo gwa valvu
Okurinda okukyendeera kw’ebintu .valvuni ekizibu ekibaire nikiteekateekwaho kuruga omu kutandika kw‘okukora enteekateeka, kandi ekintu kya valvu ekiine enteekateeka y‘enkora ehikire n‘omuringo gw‘okukora oguhikire hatariho kubangaanisa nikiija kugira eki kyakora gye aha kukyendeeza aha kusheenya kwa valvu. Nahabwekyo, ekitongore ky’okukora enteekateeka n’okukora ebintu kiine kuboneza ebicweka ebitari by’oburyo omu kuteekateeka eby’obuhangwa, ebitahikire omu miringo y’okukora kandi ebyanguhi kureetera okusheenya, kugira ngu bibaasa kuhikaana n’ebyetengo by’embeera z’okukora zitari zimwe na zimwe.
Obwire bw'okuhandiika: Okwamwenda-22-2025
