Valvu y'omuryangoni valve erikukoresibwa omu bantu boona kandi erikukoresibwa omu miringo mingi. Nikikira kukozesebwa omu kurinda amaizi, omu by’ekyoma n’omu mirimo endiijo. Emirimo yaayo mingi emanyirwe akatare. Oyihireho okwega aha nkora ya gate valve, kikakora n’okwega okurikukirayo obuhango kandi okurikwegyendesereza aha kukoresa n’okushoboorora oburemeezi bwa .ebikwato by’omuryango.
Ebi ahaifo n‘okugaaniira kwa boona aha nkora, okukoresa, okushoboorora oburemeezi, okukyebera omutindo n‘ebindi ebirikukwata aha .za valvu z'omuryango.
1. Enkora
Omubumbi w’ekitabo .valvu y'omuryango: evalvu y'omuryangoni valve erikukoresa ekipande ky’omuryango n’entebe ya valve okutegyeka okukinga n’okukinga.Valvu y'omuryangookukira munonga kirimu omubiri gwa valvu, entebe ya valvu, eshaani y’omuryango, omuti gwa valvu, bonneti, akabokisi k’okutaho ebintu, ekibunu ky’okupakira, enjuma y’omuti, enziga y’omu ngaro n’ebindi. Okurugirira aha mpinduka y‘omwanya gw‘okugyeragyeranisa ahagati y‘omuryango n‘entebe ya valvu, obuhango bw‘omuhanda nibubaasa kuhindurwa kandi omuhanda nigubaasa kusharaho. Okubaasa kukora ngu .valvu y'omuryangokingire gye, aha mutwe gw’okuteerana kw’empapura z’omuryango n’entebe ya valvu biri ahansi.
Okurugirira aha mitwarize y’enkora etari emwe n’emwe eya .za valvu z'omuryango, ebipimo by’omuryango nibibaasa kubaganisibwamu omu muringo gwa wedge n’omuringo gwa parallel.
Omuryango gw'omukishakavalvu y'omuryangoni nk’ekipande, kandi aha mutwe gw’okukinga nikikora enkokora y’okukinga (oblique angle) n’omurongooti gwa rwagati gw’omuhanda, kandi ekipande ekiri ahagati y’omuryango n’entebe ya valvu nikikoresibwa kuhikiiriza okukinga (okukinga). Empapura z’okuteeraho nizibaasa kuba entaama emwe nari entaama ibiri.
Ebicweka by’okukingaho eby’omuhanda gw’omuryango ogurikushushana nibishushana kandi nibihikaana n’omurongooti gwa rwagati gw’omuhanda, kandi hariho emiringo ebiri: erimu omuringo gw’okugaziha n’ebitariho omuringo gw’okugaziha. Hariho entaama z’emirundi ibiri eziine omuringo gw’okujanjaaza. Entaama ku ziraabe nizishuuma, ebihimba by’entaama ibiri ezirikushushana nibiija kujanjaaza entaama ibiri aha ntebe ya valve aha itaka eririkushendashenda okuzibira omuhanda gw’okusheesheka. Entaama ku zirikwimuka zikinguka, ebihimba n’emiryango nibiija Eitaka eririkushushana ry’empapura niritaanisibwa, empapura z’omuryango niziimuka zihika aha rurengo rumwe, kandi eshagama neeshagikwa mukama waayo aha rupapura rw’eirembo. Omuryango gw’emirundi ebiri ogutarimu nkora y’okugaziha, omuryango gwaba nigusheesheka omu ntebe ya valvu aha rubaju rw’entebe ibiri ezirikushushana, amaani g’amaizi nigakoresibwa kunyiga omuryango aha mubiri gwa valvu aha rubaju rw’okushohoza valvu kukingaho amaizi.
Okurugirira aha kugyendera kw’omuti gwa valve ku omuryango gukingirwe kandi gukingirwe, valvu y’omuryango neebaganisibwamu emiringo ebiri: valve y’omuryango gw’omuti ogurikwimuka n’omuti gw’omuryango ogusherekirwe. Ekiti kya valvu n’empapura z’omuryango gw’ekiti ekirikutunguuka nibitunguuka kandi nibigwa omu bwire bumwe kyaba nikiigurwa nari kikingirwe; valvu y‘omuryango gw‘omuti ogusherekirwe ku erikwigurwa nari ekingirwe, omuti gw‘omuti nigwetoorora gwonka, kandi okutunguuka kw‘omuti gw‘omuti tikurikubaasa kureebwa, kandi empapura z‘omuti niziimuka nari nizigwa emizaano. Ekirungi kya rising stem gate valve n‘okugira ngu oburaingwa bw‘okukingura omuhanda nibubaasa kucwerwa orubanja ahabw‘oburaingwa bw‘okutunguuka kw‘omuti gwa valve, kwonka oburaingwa oburikutwarwa nibubaasa kukyendeezibwa. Waaba nooreeba omukono nari omukono, hindura omukono nari omukono omu rubaju rw’eshaha kukinga valvu.
2. Emikoro n’emisingye y’okutooranamu ebishumuruzo by’omuryango .
01. Ekicwekavalvu y'omuryango
Emikoro y'okukozesa valvu y'omuryango gwa slab:
(1) Aha mipiira y’amajuta na gaasi y’obuhangwa, valve y’omuryango ogurikweshushaniriza erimu ebiina by’okuhindura omuhanda nayo n’eyanguhi kuboneza emipiira.
(2) Emipiira n’ebintu by’okubiikamu amajuta agashemeziibwe.
(3) Ebikwato by’okukoresa aha mwaro gw’okutunga amajuta na gaasi y’obuhangwa.
(4) Emipiira erimu ebicweka by’omubiri ebihanikire.
(5) Omuhanda gw’okuhingisa gaasi omu rurembo.
(6) Emirimo y’amaizi.
Omusingye gw’okutooranamu ebipandevalvu y'omuryango:
(1) Aha mipiira y’amajuta na gaasi y’obuhangwa, kozesa ekipande kimwe nari bibiri .za valvu z'omuryango. Ku kiraabe nikyetengyesa kuboneza omupiira, kozesa omuryango gumwe ogurimu ekiina ky‘okuhindura ekiina ekikingire stem flat gate valve.
(2) Aha muhanda gw’okutwara n’ebintu by’okubiikamu amajuta agashemeziibwe, valvu y’omuryango ogurikwera erimu enyamaishwa emwe nari enyamaishwa ibiri etaine biina by’okuhindura neetooranwa.
(3) Ahabw’okutaho emyanya y’okushohozamu amajuta na gaasi y’obuhangwa, ebishumuruzo by’omuryango gw’omuryango gumwe nari ebiri eby’omuryango gw’ebipande ebiine entebe z’okuzengyerera z’enkoni ezisherekirwe n’ebiina by’okuhindura nibitooranwa.
(4) Aha mipiira erimu ebicweka by’omubiri ebihanikire, ebikwato by’omuryango gw’ebipande ebiri nk’omusyo nibitooranwa.
(5) Aha mipiira y’okuhingisa gaasi omu ndembo, kozesa omuryango gumwe nari omuryango ibiri oguriho ebikwato by’omuryango ebirikwimuka ebiine omuti gw’okutunguuka.
(6) Aha purojekiti z‘amaizi ga taapu, ebikwato by‘omuryango gumwe nari eby‘omuryango bibiri ebiine emiti eigukire ebitaine biina by‘okuhindura nibitooranwa.
02. Valvu y'omuryango gwa wedge
Emirundi erikukoresibwa wedge gate valve: Omu miringo etari emwe n‘emwe y‘ekikwato, gate valve niyo erikukirayo kukoresibwa. Okutwarira hamwe nikiba kihikire aha kwigura omu bwijwire nari omu kukinga omu bwijwire kwonka, kandi tikirikubaasa kukoresibwa omu kuhabura n‘okukyendeeza.
Wedge gate valves nizikira kukoresibwa omu myanya ahu hatariho biragiro bigumire aha bipimo by‘aheeru bya valve, kandi embeera z‘okukora niziba zigumire munonga. Nk‘eky‘okureeberaho, omuringo gw‘okukora ogw‘obutagatsi bwingi n‘okugyemeserezibwa kwingi nigwetengyesa ebicweka by‘okukinga kureeba ngu byakingaho kumara obwire buraingwa, n‘ebindi.
Omu bwijwire, embeera z‘obuheereza nari nizetenga okukora kw‘okukinga okurikwesigwa, okusharaho kw‘amaani, okusharaho kw‘amaani (entaaniso mpango y‘amaani), okusharaho kw‘amaani okukye (entaaniso y‘amaani nkye), okuteera akaari kakye, okusheeshasheesha n‘okusheeshasheesha, okusharaho kw‘ahaiguru kw‘omugati, okusharaho kw‘ahansi (cryogenic), nikihaburwa kukoresa Wedge gate valve. Nk’eby’amashanyarazi, eby’okusheenya amajuta, eby’amajuta, amajuta g’omu nyanja, eby’okugaba amaizi n’eby’okushemeza amaizi g’emiferere omu kwombeka endembo, eby’emibazi n’ebindi nibikoresibwa munonga.
Omusingye gw'okutoorana:
(1) Ebyetaago by’emitwarize y’amaizi g’omu valvu. Valvu z‘omuryango nizitooranwa ahabw‘embeera z‘okukora eziine obuzibu bukye bw‘okusheesheka, obushoboorozi bw‘okusheesheka bw‘amaani, emitwarize mirungi y‘okusheesheka, n‘ebyetengo by‘okukinga ebigumire.
(2) Obutagatsi bwingi n’omubazi gw’amaani. Nk’omuyaga gw’amaani, obutagatsi bw’amaani n’amajuta g’amaani.
(3) Obutagatsi obukye (cryogenic) obw’omugati. Nk’amaizi g’ammonia, amaizi g’amaizi, oxygen y’amaizi n’ebindi bihandiiko.
(4) Pureesha nkye n’oburaingwa bwingi. Nk’emirimo y’amaizi, emirimo y’okuboneza amaizi g’emiferere.
(5) Omwanya gw’okutaho: Oburaingwa bw’okutaho bwaba buri bukye, toorana valvu y’omuryango gw’omuti ogusherekirwe; oburaingwa bwaba butarikuzibirwa, toorana valvu y‘omuryango gw‘omuti ogurikworekwa.
(6) Wedge gate valves nizibaasa kukoresibwa kyonka obu zirikubaasa kukoresibwa omu kwigura omu bwijwire nari omu kukinga omu bwijwire, kandi zitarikubaasa kukoresibwa omu kuhindura n’okukyendeeza.
3. Enshobi ezirikukira kubaho n’okuzireeberera
01. Enshobi ezirikukirayo n‘ebirikureetaho .za valvu z'omuryango
Bwanyima y’okuvalvu y'omuryangonikikoresibwa, ahabw‘ebirikuruga omu bwire bw‘obwire bw‘ahagati, okugyemeserezibwa, okusheenya n‘okutambura kw‘ebicweka by‘okukoragana ebitari bimwe na bimwe, ebizibu ebi ahaifo nibikira kubaho.
(1) Okusheeshasheesha: Hariho emiringo ebiri, nikwo kugira ngu okusheeshasheesha kw’aheeru n’okusheeshasheesha kw’omunda. Okusheeshasheesha okurikuza aheeru ya valve nikwetwa okusheesheka kw’aheeru, kandi okusheeshasheesha kw’aheeru nikukira kushangwa omu bibokisi by’okutaho ebintu n’omu bikwatiraine n’ebikwato bya flange.
Enshonga z‘okusheeshasheesha kw‘akabokisi k‘okutamu: ekika nari omutindo gw‘okutamu tigurikuhikiiriza ebirikwetengyesa; ebikwato ebirikuteebwamu nibikura nari ekiti kya valvu kijwaire; ekibunu ky’okupakira kiine obuhuta; aha mutwe gw’omuti gwa valve nigusharara.
Enshonga z‘okusheeshasheesha aha nkoragana ya flange: Ebintu nari obuhango bwa gasket tibirikuhikiiriza ebirikwetengyesa; omutindo gw’okukora aha rubaju rw’okukingaho flange ni mubi; obukomooko bw’okuteerana tiburikuhamibwa gye; okutebeekanisa kw’emipiira tikurikuhikaana n’enshonga, kandi omugugu gw’okwongeraho ogurengire nigukorwa aha nkoragana.
Enshonga z‘okusheeshasheesha kw‘omunda kwa valve: Okusheeshasheesha okurikureetwaho okukinga kwa valve okutaine mugasho n‘okusheeshasheesha kw‘omunda, okurikureetwaho okushiisha aha mutwe gw‘okukingaho kwa valve nari omuzi gw‘okukingaho ogw‘empeta y‘okukingaho.
(1) Okusheenya nikukira kuba okusheenya kw’omubiri gwa valve, bonnet, omuti gwa valve, n’aha mutwe gw’okukinga flange. Okusheeshasheesha nikukira kubaho ahabw’ebikorwa by’omugati, hamwe n’okurekura kwa ions kuruga omu fillers na gaskets.
(2) Okusharara: okusharara kw‘omu mwanya nari okusharara kw‘ahaiguru okurikubaho omuryango n‘entebe ya valvu byagyendera aha rubaju rwa buri omwe ahansi y‘okugyemeserezibwa kw‘okukoragana okumwe.
02. Okureeberera .valvu y'omuryango
(1) Okuboneza okusheeshasheesha aheeru ya valvu
Waaba noonyiganyiga okupakira, obukomooko bw’enzindo bushemerire kuba buri aha rurengo rumwe okwetantara enzindo kuhinduka kandi ekasigaho omwanya gw’okunyiganyiga. Omu kunyiganyiga okupakira, omuti gwa valvu gushemerire kuhindurwa kugira ngu okupakira okwehinguririize omuti gwa valvu kushushane, kandi okuzibira okugyemeserezibwa kuguma kugumire munonga, kugira ngu kutakwata aha kuhindura kw’omuti gwa valvu, kwongyera aha kujwara aha kupakira, n’okukyendeeza aha bwire bw’okuheereza. Aha mutwe gw’ekiti kya valve hariho ebishaju, ekirikureetera omugati gwanguha kusheesheka. Kiine kukorwaho kubaasa kumaraho ebishaju ebiri aha mutwe gw’ekiti kya valve kitakakozesiibwe.
Ahabw’okusheeshasheesha aha nkoragana ya flange, gasket yaaba esisikeire, eshemerire kuhindurwa; ekintu ky’okukoresa omu kukinga kyaba kitatoorainwe gye, ekintu ekirikubaasa kuhikiiriza ebirikwetengyesa omu kukikozesa kiine kutooranwa; omutindo gw‘okukora aha rubaju rw‘okukingaho flange gwaba guri mubi, guteekwa kwihwaho kandi guboneziibwe. Eitaka ry’okukingaho flange nirigaruka rikorwaho kuhitsya obu riraabe rihikire.
Okwongyera ahari ekyo, okuhamya gye obukomooko bwa flange, okutebeekanisa gye emipiira, n’okwetantara okwongyeraho omugugu mwingi aha nkoragana ya flange byona nibihwera omu kuzibira okusheeshasheesha aha nkoragana ya flange.
(2) Okuboneza okusheeshasheesha kw’omunda kwa valvu
Okuboneza okusheeshasheesha kw‘omunda n‘okumaraho okusiisikara kw‘ahaiguru y‘okukingaho n‘omuzi gw‘okukingaho ogurikurekura (obu empeta y‘okukingaho erikuhamibwa aha rupapura rwa valve nari entebe orikunyiga nari orikuteera orukoba). Eitaka ry‘okukinga ryaba nirikorwa butunu aha mubiri gwa valvu n‘aha rupapura rwa valvu, tihaine buremeezi bw‘omuzi ogurikusheesheka n‘okusheeshasheesha.
Ekicweka ky’okukingaho kyaba kisisikeire munonga kandi ekicweka ky’okukingaho kyaba kikozirwe empeta y’okukingaho, empeta eya ira eshemerire kwihwaho kandi empeta ensya y’okukingaho eshemerire kuheebwa; okukinga kwaba nikukorwaho butunu aha mubiri gwa valvu, okukinga okusisikeire kubanza kwihwaho. Yihaho, reero oshekye empeta ensya y’okukingaho nari aha rubaju orukozirweho omu mwanya musya gw’okukingaho. Ebishaju, ebizimba, ebizimba, ebihimba n’ebindi ebizibu ebiri aha rubaju rw’okukinga byaba biri ahansi ya 0.05mm, nibibaasa kwihwaho orikubishenda.
Okusheeshasheesha nikubaho aha muzi gw’empeta y’okukinga. Empeta y’okukingaho ku erikuba ehamire orikunyiga, taho tetrafluoroethylene tape nari erangi erikwera erikutukura aha .valveentebe nari ahansi y’omugoye gw’empeta y’okukingaho, reero onyige empeta y’okukingaho kwijuza omuzi gw’empeta y’okukingaho; Empeta y’okukingaho yaaba erimu oburungo, PTFE tape nari erangi erikwera egumire eshemerire kuteebwa ahagati y’oburungo okuzibira amaizi kusheesheka ahagati y’oburungo.
(3) Okuboneza okusheenya kwa valvu
Omu mbeera eza butoosha, omubiri gwa valvu n’ekibokisi nibishushana, kandi omuti gwa valvu nigukira kubamu ebiina. Waaba nooboneza, ebintu ebirikushiisha biine kubanza byaihwaho. Aha rubaju rwa valve orurimu ebiina by’okuteera, rushemerire kukorwa aha lathe kwihaho okushoberwa, kandi okorese ekirungo ekirimu ekirikureeta mpora, nari kuboneza ekirungo n’amaizi agarimu ebiriisa kwihaho ekirungo ekirikureeta akabi aha rubaaho rwa valve. ions ezirikushiisha.
(4) Okuboneza ebishaju ebiri aha rubaju orurikukingaho .
Omu bwire bw’okukozesa valvu, gyezaho okuzibira ekicweka ky’okukingaho okusharara, kandi torque teine kuba mpango munonga waaba nookinga valvu. Aha mutwe gw’ekikingirizo kyaba kiine ebishaju, nikibaasa kwihwaho orikushenda.
4. Okukyeberavalvu y'omuryango
Omu mbeera y’akatare eriho hati n’ebyetengo by’abarikubikozesa, ekyoma .za valvu z'omuryangoakawunti y’ekicweka kihango. Nk‘omureeberezi w‘omutindo gw‘ebintu, okwihaho kumanya okukyebera omutindo gw‘ebintu, oine kuba oine okwetegyereza kurungi aha kintu kyonyini.
01. Omusingi gw’okumanyisa ekyoma .valvu y'omuryango
Amabatiza valvu z'omuryangonizigyezibwa kurugiirira aha mutindo gw’eihanga GB/T12232-2005 “Ekyoma ekirimu ebihimba .za valvu z'omuryangoahabwa valvu z’omutaano”.
02. Ebintu by’okukyebera eby’ekyoma .valvu y'omuryango
Okukira munonga nibitwariramu: obubonero, obuhango bw‘ekisiika obukye, okugyezibwa kwa pressure, okugyezibwa kw‘ekigogo, n‘ebindi Omuri ebyo, obuhango bw‘ekisiika, pressure, n‘okugyezibwa kw‘ekigogo n‘ebintu ebirikwetengyesa eby‘okukyebera n‘ebintu ebikuru. Ku haraabe hariho ebintu ebitarikuhikiirira, nibibaasa kucwerwa orubanja butunu nk’ebintu ebitarikuhikiirira .
Omu bugufu, okukyebera omutindo gw‘ebintu nikyo kicweka ekikuru munonga omu kukyebera ebintu byona, kandi obukuru bwakyo nibweyoreka. Nk‘abakozi b‘omu maisho abarikukyebera, twine kuguma nituhamya omutindo gwaitu, ti kukora omurimo murungi omu kukyebera ebintu byonka, kureka n‘okugira ngu Nitubaasa kukora omurimo murungi gw‘okukyebera twaba twine okwetegyereza ebintu ebikyebeirwe byonka.
Obwire bw'okuhandiika: Okwakashatu-31-2023
