Okureeba
Valveni ekintu kikuru omu byoma omu bwijwire. Nikiteebwa aha mipiira nari eby’okukoresa bitari bimwe na bimwe kubaasa kutegyeka okutambura kw’amaizi g’omugati orikuhindura omwanya gw’omuhanda omu valve. Emirimo yaayo ni: okukwatira hamwe nari okusharaho omugati, okuzibira omugati kugaruka enyima, okuhindura ebiri omu nkora nk’okuteerana kw’omugati n’okusheesheka, okuhindura ahu omugati gurikugyendera, kugabanisa omugati nari okurinda emipiira n’ebikwato kuruga omu kusheeshasheesha okurengire, n’ebindi.
Hariho emiringo mingi y’ebintu ebirikukora valve, ebirikubaganisibwamu .valvu y'omuryango, valvu y'ensi,kyebera valvu, valvu y'omupiira,valvu y'ekihuguhugu, valvu ya plug, valvu ya diaphragm, valvu y’okwerinda, valvu y’okutegyeka (valvu y’okutegyeka), valvu y’okutaho throttle, valvu y’okukyendeeza pressure na Traps, n’ebindi; Okurugirira aha kintu, nikibaganisibwamu eby’okurya by’omuringa, eby’ekyoma ebikozirwe omu itaka, eby’ekyoma bya kaboni, eby’ekyoma by’omutaano, eby’ekyoma bya austenitic, eby’ekyoma bya ferritic-austenitic eby’emiringo ebiri, eby’okurya ebirimu nickel, eby’ekyoma bya titanium, ebiveera by’obuhangwa n’eby’ekyoma by’ekyoma, n’ebindi. valvu, valvu z’emipiira n’emipiira, valvu z’amakorero g’enyonyi, valvu z’emeeri n’evalvu za cryogenic. Ebintu bingi ebirikukora aha valvu, obuhango bw’eiziina kuruga ahari DN1 (ekicweka omu mm) kuhika ahari DN9750; pressure y'eiziina kuruga omu ultra-vacuum ya 1× 10-10 mmHg (1mmHg = 133.322Pa) kuhika aha nkora y‘amaani munonga eya PN14600 (ekicweka kya 105 Pa); Ebiriisa ebirikukora nibiruga aha biriisa by’ahansi munonga ebya -269.°Ckuhika aha bwire bw’obwire bw’ahaiguru munonga obwa 1200 .°C.
Ebintu bya Valve nizikoresibwa munonga omu bicweka bitari bimwe na bimwe eby’eby’entaasya y’eihanga, nk’amajuta, gaasi y’obuhangwa, okushemeza n’okukora amajuta na gaasi n’enkora z’okuzitwara omu mipiira, ebintu by’emibazi, enkora z’okukora emibazi n’eby’okurya, amashanyarazi g’amaizi, amashanyarazi g’okwotsya n’enkora z’okukora amashanyarazi g’enyonyi; Emiringo etari emwe n’emwe ya valve neekoresibwa munonga omu nkora z’okuhemba n’okuha amashanyarazi, enkora z’okukora eby’ekyoma, enkora z’amaizi g’okukoresa omu meeri, emotoka, enyonyi n’ebyoma by’emizaano bitari bimwe na bimwe, n’enkora z’okufukiriza n’okusheenya amaizi g’omu itaka ry’emisiri. Okwongyera ahari ekyo, omu by’obuhangwa obusya nk’eby’okwerinda n’eby’omu mwanya, n’eby’okukoresa eby’omutaano ebiine emitwarize y’omutaano nibikoresibwa.
Ebintu bya Valve nibitwara ekicweka kihango ky’ebintu by’ebyoma. Okurugirira aha mibaro y’amahanga agandi agatunguukire, omuhendo gw’ebintu ebirikuruga omu valvu nigukora nka 5% aha muheendo gw’ebintu ebirikuruga omu nkora yoona ey’ebyoma. Okurugirira aha mibaro, ekyombeko ky’amashanyarazi eky’obuhangwa ekirimu kilowatt miriyoni ibiri kiine ebikwato nka 28,000 ebirikugabwa, kandi ahari ebyo nka 12,000 n’ebikwato by’ebizinga bya nukiriya. Ekitongore ky’amajuta ekihango eky’omurembe ogu nikyetengyesa obukaikuru n’obukaikuru bw’ebikwato by’okuteera amaizi ebitari bimwe na bimwe, kandi okuta sente omu bikwato by’okuteera amaizi okutwarira hamwe nikutwara 8% kuhika 10% aha sente zoona ezirikuteebwa omu bikwato.
Embeera yoona ey'eby'obushuubuzi bwa valve omuri China eya ira
01 Omwanya ogu China yaazaariirwemu eby’obushuubuzi bwa valvu: Shanghai
Omuri China eya ira, Shanghai niyo yaabaire eri omwanya gw’okubanza kukora ebikwato bya valvu omuri China. Omu mwaka gwa 1902, ekitongore ky’omuringa ekya Pan Shunji, ekyabaire kiri aha ruguuto rwa Wuchang, omu disiturikiti ya Hongkou, Shanghai, kikatandika kukora obucweka bukye bw’ebikopo by’amaizi g’okunywa n’emikono. Faucet y’ekikopo ky’eby’okunywa n’omuringo gw’enkoko y’omuringa. Niyo kampuni eyabandize kukora valve omuri China emanyirwe kuhisya hati. Omu mwaka gwa 1919, ikorero rya Deda (Shengji) Hardware (eryabandizeho ikorero ry’ebyoma by’okujanjaaza amakuru erya Shanghai) rikatandika kuruga aha kagaari kakye kandi ryatandika kukora enkoko z’omuringa eziine oburaingwa bukye, ebikwato by’okuteera ensi, ebikwato by’omuryango n’ebikwato by’okuteera omuriro. Okukora ebikwato by’ekyoma ebicukire kukatandika omu mwaka gwa 1926, n’obuhango bw’eiziina oburikukirayo obwingi obwa NPS6 (omu inci, NPS1 = DN25.4). Omubwire obu, amakorero g’ebyoma nk’aga Wang Yingqiang, Dahua, Lao Demao na Maoxu nago gakaigura kukora ebikwato by’okuteera amaizi. Okurugirira ahari ekyo, ahabw’okweyongyera kw’okwenda kwa valvu z’amaizi omu katare, ekindi kicweka ky’amakorero g’ebyoma, amakorero g’ebyoma, amakorero g’okuteera omushenyi (casting) n’amakorero g’ebyoma bikaigurwa kukora valvu emwe bwanyima y’eyindi.
Ekibiina ky’okukora valvu nikikorwa omu bicweka bya Zhonghongqiao, Waihongqiao, Daming Road n’Oruguuto rwa Changzhi omu disiturikiti ya Hongkou, Shanghai. Omu bwire obwo, ebika by’emotoka ebyabaire nibikira kuguzibwa omu katare k’omu ihanga bikaba biri “Omutwe gw’embaraasi”, “Eshatu 8′′, “Eshatu 9′′, “Esente z’ebicweka bibiri”, “Ekyoma ky’okuteera”, “Omupiira gw’enkoko” na “Omupiira gw’enkongoro”. Ebintu bya copper n’ebyoma ebiine amaani makye nibikira kukoresibwa omu kuteeka amaizi omu byombeko n’omu myanya y’obuyonjo, kandi n’ekyoma kikye nikikoresibwa n’omu kicweka ky’eby’emyenda etari y’amaani. Amakorero aga ni makye munonga, gaine tekinologiya erikugaruka enyima, ebikwato by’okuhinga ebyanguhi n’okushohoza valve nkye, kwonka nigo gaabandize kuzaarwa eby’obushuubuzi bwa valve omuri China. Bwanyima, bwanyima y’okutandikaho ekibiina ky’eby’okwombeka ekya Shanghai, abakozi aba abarikukora valve beegaita aha kibiina eki omwe bwanyima y’ondiijo kandi baba ekibiina ky’emihanda y’amaizi. memba.
02Ebitongore bibiri ebihango ebirikukora valvu
Aha kutandika kwa 1930, ikorero ry’ebyoma erya Shanghai Shenhe rikakora ebikwato by’okukingaho eby’ekyoma ebiine amaani makye ahansi ya NPS12 eby’okukoresa omu mirimo y’amaizi. Omu mwaka gwa 1935, ikorero eri rikatandikaho omukago n’abakozi ba Xiangfeng Iron Pipe Factory na Xiangtai Iron Co., Ltd. abaine emigabo kwombeka ikorero ry’ekyoma erya Daxin (eryabandizeho ikorero ry’obugaari erya Shanghai), omu mwaka gwa 1936 Ryahwa kuruga aheeru y’ihanga kandi ryateebwa omu nkora, hariho z200. (1 zhang≈3.33m) lathes n’ebintu by’okusimura, okukira munonga okukora eby’okukoresa omu makorero n’okutimba, emipiira y’amaizi ey’ekyoma n’ebikwato by’ekyoma, obuhango bw’eiziina ry’ekikwato ni NPS6 ~ NPS18, kandi Nikibaasa kuteekateeka n’okuha ebikwato ebihikire eby’ebikwato by’amaizi, kandi kuza Nanjinghoz nibitwarwa aheeru y’ihanga. Bwanyima ya “August 13′′ aba Japan kutwara Shanghai omu mwaka gwa 1937, ebyombeko ebingi n’ebintu ebyabaire biri omu ikorero bikacwekyerezibwa omuriro gw’embundu z’Abajapani. tibarabaasize kugaruka omu buteeka kuhitsya aha izooba ry’okutandikaho China Ensya.
Omu mwaka gwa 1935, abaine emigabo bataano otwariiremu Li Chenghai, omushuubuzi w’eihanga, bakakwatanisa hamwe kutandikaho ikorero ry’ekyoma erya Shenyang Chengfa (eryaabandizeho ikorero ry’okuteera ebishushani) aha ruguuto rwa Shishiwei, omu disiturikiti ya Nancheng, omu rurembo Shenyang. Okuboneza n’okukora ebikwato ebirikukora nk’ebikwato. Omuri 1939, ikorero eryo rikatwarwa omu ruguuto rwa Beierma, omu Disiturikiti ya Tiexi kugaziibwa, kandi hakakorwa emyanya ibiri mikuru y’okukoreramu eby’okuteera n’okukora eby’okukoresa eby’ebyoma. Omu mwaka gwa 1945, kikaba kyakuzire kyahika aha bakozi 400, kandi ebintu byakyo ebikuru bikaba biri: ebibokisi bihango, ebikopo by’omuringa ebikozirwe omu muringa, n’ebikopo by’omuryango eby’ekyoma ebikozirwe ahansi y’itaka ebiine obuhango bw’omutaano oburi ahansi ya DN800. Ekyombeko ky'ekyoma ekya Shenyang Chengfa n'ekitongore ekirikukora valve ekirikugyezaho kugumaho omuri China eya ira.
03Eby'obushuubuzi bya valve omu enyima
Omu rutaro rw’okurwanisa Japan, amakorero maingi omuri Shanghai n’ebindi bikaza omu bukiizi-bwa-bumosho, n’ahabw’ekyo omubaro gw’amakorero omuri Chongqing n’ebindi omu kicweka ky’enyima gukeyongyera munonga, kandi eby’obushuubuzi bikatandika kutunguuka. Omu mwaka gwa 1943, ikorero ry’ebyoma rya Chongqing Hongtai hamwe n’ekyombeko ky’ebyoma ekya Huachang (amakorero gombi gakaba gari agabandize ikorero rya Chongqing Valve) gakatandika kuhunduuza n’okukora ebicweka by’amaizi n’ebyoma by’amaizi ebiine amaani makye, ebyakozire kihango omu kutunguura okukora eby’okukoresa omu bwire bw’entaro n’eby’okukoresa omu bwire bw’entaro. Bwanyima y’okusingura orutaro rw’okurwanisa Japan, ikorero ry’ebyoma rya Lisheng, ekibiina ky’amakorero ekya Zhenxing, ikorero ry’ebyoma rya Jinshunhe n’ekyombeko ky’ebyoma bya Qiyi bikakuratana bikaigurwa kukora obucupa bukye. Bwanyima y’okutandikaho China ensya, amakorero aga gakagambwaho gahinduka amakorero ga Chongqing Valve.
Omu bwire obwo, abamwe .abakozi ba valveomu Shanghai nabo bakaza Tianjin, Nanjing na Wuxi kwombeka amakorero g’okuhunduuza n’okukora ebikwato by’okuteera amaizi. Amakorero agamwe ag’ebyoma, amakorero g’ebyoma, amakorero g’ebyoma nari emyanya y’okukoreramu emeeri omuri Beijing, Dalian, Changchun, Harbin, Anshan, Qingdao, Wuhan, Fuzhou na Guangzhou nago gakaba nigakora omurimo gw’okuhunduuza n’okukora ebikwato ebimwe eby’okuteera amaizi.
Obwire bw'okuhandiika: Okwamushanju-21-2022
