Enshonga z‘okukoresa valvu z‘amashanyarazi n‘enshonga z‘okuteekateekaho

Omu nkora y‘okukoresa emipiira, okutoorana gye ebikwato by‘amashanyarazi n‘emwe aha mbeera z‘okuhamya kuhikiiriza ebyetaago by‘okukoresa. Valvu y‘amashanyarazi erikukoresibwa yaaba etatoorainwe gye, terikwija kukwata aha kukozesa kwonka, kureka n‘okureetaho ebizibu nari okufeerwa kw‘amaani, n‘ahabw‘ekyo, okutoorana gye valvu z‘amashanyarazi omu ntebeekanisa y‘okukora emipiira.

Embeera y'okukoramu valvu y'amashanyarazi

Oyihireho okuta omutima aha nkora y‘emipiira, okufayo kw‘omutaano kushemerire kuheebwa aha mbeera z‘obuhangwa z‘okukora kwayo, ahabw‘okuba ekikwato ky‘amashanyarazi omu valvu y‘amashanyarazi n‘ekikwato ky‘amashanyarazi, kandi embeera yaakyo y‘okukora neekwatwaho munonga embeera y‘okukora kwayo. Omu butoosha, omwanya gw’okukoramu valvu y’amashanyarazi ni nk’oku:

1. Okutaho omu nju nari okukozesa aheeru n’emiringo y’okwerinda;

2. Okutaho aheeru omu mwanya ogurimu omuyaga, omushenyi, enjura n’omushana, omushana gw’eizooba n’ebindi ebirikusheenya;

3. Kiine omwanya ogurimu omuyaga nari omucuucu ogurikubaasa kukwatwa omuriro nari kuguruka;

4. Embeera y’obufuki, ey’obufuki eyomire;

5. Ebiriisa by’omugati gw’emipiira nibihika ahari 480°C nari n’okukiraho;

6. Ebiriisa by’omumwanya biri ahansi ya -20°C;

7. Kyanguhi kusheesheka nari okubiikwa omu maizi;

8. Embeera ezirimu ebintu ebirikureeta amashanyarazi (amashanyarazi g’enyonyoozi n’ebyoma by’okugyezaho ebintu ebirikureeta amashanyarazi);

9. Embeera y’emeeri nari omwaaro (eriho omunyugunyu, obukooko, n’obutagatsi);

10. Emirundi erimu okutengeeta kw’amaani;

11. Emikoro erikuba neebaasa kukwatwa omuriro;

Aha bikwatiraine n‘ebikwato by‘amashanyarazi omu myanya egambirweho ahaiguru, omubumbi, ebintu n‘emiringo y‘okwerinda eby‘amashanyarazi nibitaana. Nahabwekyo, ekikwato ky‘amashanyarazi ekirikuhikaana na valvu kiine kutooranwa kurugiirira aha mbeera y‘okukora egambirweho ahaiguru.

Ebyetaago by'okukora eby'amashanyaraziza valvu

Okurugirira aha byetaago by’okutegyeka eby’obuhangwa, aha valvu y’amashanyarazi, omurimo gw’okutegyeka niguhwaho ekikwato ky’amashanyarazi. Ekigyendererwa ky‘okukozesa ebikwato by‘amashanyarazi n‘okumanya okutegyeka kw‘amashanyarazi okutari kw‘emikono nari okutegyeka kwa kompyuta ahabw‘okukingura, okukinga n‘okuhindura enkoragana y‘ebikwato. Ebyoma by’amashanyarazi eby’obunaku obu tibirikukoresibwa kucungura abantu kwonka. Ahabw‘entaaniso mpango omu mirimo n‘omutindo gw‘ebintu kuruga omu bakozi batari bamwe na bamwe, okutoorana eby‘okukoresa by‘amashanyarazi n‘okutoorana ebikwato by‘okutaho amashanyarazi nibikuru nk‘oku biri omu purojekiti.

Okutegyeka amashanyaraziza valvu

Ahabw’okuguma nibitunguuka ebyetaago by’okukora eby’amakorero, aha rubaju rumwe, okukoresa ebikwato by’amashanyarazi nikweyongyera, kandi aha rubaju orundi, ebyetaago by’okutegyeka ebikwato by’amashanyarazi nibyeyongyera kandi nibiguma. Nahabwekyo, enkora ya valvu z’amashanyarazi omu nshonga y’okutegyeka amashanyarazi nayo neeguma neegarurwaho. Ahabw’okutunguuka kwa sayansi n’eby’obuhangwa n’okujanjaara n’okukoresa kompyuta, emiringo mirungi kandi etari emwe n’emwe ey’okutegyeka amashanyarazi neija kugumizamu neereebeka. Ahabw’okutegyeka kwona kw’amashanyarazi .valve, omutima gushemerire kuteebwa aha kutoorana omuringo gw’okutegyeka valvu y’amashanyarazi. Nk‘eky‘okureeberaho, kurugiirira aha byetengo bya purojekiti, yaaba kukoresa omuringo gw‘okutegyeka oguri ahagati, nari omuringo gw‘okutegyeka gumwe, yaaba kukwatiraine n‘ebindi bikoreso, okutegyeka puroguraamu nari okukoresa okutegyeka puroguraamu ya kompyuta, n‘ebindi, omusingye gw‘okutegyeka nigutaana. Eky‘okureeberaho ky‘omukozi w‘eby‘amashanyarazi bya valve nikiha omusingye gw‘okutegyeka amashanyarazi oguri aha rurengo rwonka, n‘ahabw‘ekyo ekitongore ky‘okukoresa kiine kukora okushohoza kw‘eby‘obuhangwa n‘omukozi w‘eby‘amashanyarazi kandi kishoboorore ebyetaago by‘eby‘obuhangwa. Okwongyera ahari ekyo, waaba nootoorana valvu y’amashanyarazi, oine kuteekateeka yaaba noobaasa kugura ekindi ekirikutegyeka valvu y’amashanyarazi. Ahabw’okuba omu kutwariza hamwe, omutegyeki naaba aine kugurwa omu muringo gw’omutaano. Omu mbeera nyingi, waaba nookozesa ekikwato kimwe ky’okutegyeka, nikyetengyesa kugura ekikwato ky’okutegyeka, ahabw’okuba nikiba kiri kirungi kandi nikigura bucweka bukye kugura ekikwato ky’okutegyeka okukira okukikora design n’okukikora omukozesa. Okukora kw’okutegyeka amashanyarazi kwaba kutarikubaasa kuhikiiriza ebirikwetengyesa omu kuteekateeka kwa inginiya, omukozi ashemerire kuteekateekwaho kuhindura nari kugaruka kuteekateeka.

Ekikwato ky‘amashanyarazi kya valve n‘ekikwato ekirikumanya puroguraamu ya valve, okutegyeka kw‘okwekorera n‘okutegyeka kuruga hare*, kandi omuringo gwakyo gw‘okugyenderamu nigubaasa kutegyekwa omuhendo gw‘okuteera, torque nari axial thrust. Ahabw‘okugira ngu emitwarize y‘okukora n‘omubaro gw‘okukoresa ekikwato ky‘okukoresa valve nibirugiirira aha muringo gwa valve, oku ekikwato kirikukora, n‘omwanya gwa valve aha payipu nari eby‘okukoresa, okutoorana gye ekikwato ky‘okukoresa valve ni kikuru munonga okuzibira okuremeera munonga (torque y‘okukora neekira torque y‘okutegyeka). Omu kutwariza hamwe, omusingi gw’okutoorana gye eby’okukoresa by’amashanyarazi g’ebicupuri ni nk’oku:

Torque y’okukoraTorque y’okukora niyo nshonga nkuru ey’okutoorana ekikwato ky’amashanyarazi kya valve, kandi torque y’okuruga omu kikwato ky’amashanyarazi eshemerire kuba emirundi 1.2~1.5 y’ekikwato ky’okukora kya valve.

Hariho emiringo ebiri y’ebyoma ebikuru eby’okukoresa ekikwato ky’amashanyarazi eky’okuteera valve: kimwe tikiine thrust disc kandi nikirugamu torque butoosha; Ekindi n’okutebeekanisa empapura z’okuteera, kandi torque erikurugayo neehindurwa empapura z’okuteeraho kurabira omu nshaho y’omuti eri omu rupapura rw’okuteeraho.

Omubaro gw’okuhinduka kw’ekikwato ky’amashanyarazi eky’okushohoza valve nigukwatagana na nominal diameter ya valve, pitch y’omuti n’omubaro gw’enyuguta, ebiine kubarwa kurugiirira ahari M=H/ZS (M n’omubaro gwona gw’okuhinduka kw’ekikwato ky’amashanyarazi eki valve kiine kuhikiiriza, S he o the pitch ya th okujanjaaza kw’omuti gwa valve, kandi Z n’omubaro gw’emitwe y’enyuguta z’omubiri .valveengyiingo).

Diamita y’omuti muhango erikwikirizibwa ekikwato ky’amashanyarazi yaaba etarikubaasa kuraba omu muti gw’ekikopo ekiine eby’okukoresa, terikubaasa kuteeranirwa hamwe omu kikopo ky’amashanyarazi. Nahabwekyo, oburaingwa bw’omunda obw’ekiina ky’okushohoza ekiina ky’ekikwato ky’okukora buteekwa kuba bwingi kukira oburaingwa bw’aheeru bw’omuti gw’omuti gw’omugoye ogukingire. Aha valvu y‘omuti gw‘omwirima omu valvu y‘okuhindura ekicweka n‘omu valvu y‘okuhindura emirundi mingi, n‘obu ekizibu ky‘okuhinguraho ky‘omutindo gw‘omuti gwa valvu kiraabe kitarikuteekateekwaho, omuti gwa valvu n‘obuhango bw‘omuhanda gw‘ekishumuruzo nabyo biine kuteekateekwaho omu bwijwire baaba nibatoorana, kugira ngu bikore gye bwanyima y‘okuteerana.

Omuvuyo gw’okukingura n’okukinga ogw’omuvuyo gw’okushohoza gwaba nigukira munonga, kyorobi kureetaho enyundo y’amaizi. Nahabwekyo, omuvuyo gw‘okukinga n‘okukinga oguhikire gushemerire kutooranwa kurugiirira aha mbeera z‘okukoresa zitari zimwe na zimwe.

Valve actuators ziine ebyetaago byazo eby’omutaano, nikwo kugira ngu ziine kuba nizibaasa kushoboorora torque nari axial forces. Nkaburijovalveebikwato ebirikukora nibikoresa ebikwato ebirikuzibira torque. Obuhango bw’ekikwato ky’amashanyarazi ku burikumanyirwa, n’amaani gaakyo g’okukitegyeka nigamanyirwa. Okutwarira hamwe okuvuga omu bwire obutebeekanisiibwe, emotoka terikwija kuba erimu ebintu bingi. Kwonka embeera ezi zaabaho, nikibaasa kureetera okuremeera munonga: eky’okubanza, amaani g’okuha amashanyarazi nigaba makye, kandi torque erikwetengyesa terikubaasa kutunga, n’ahabw’ekyo moteri erekyera aho kwetoorora; ekya kabiri n’okuhindura omu nshobi omuringo gw’okuzibira torque kugihindura mpango kukira torque y’okuremesa, ekirikureetaho torque erikuguma neerenga n’okuremesa moteri; ekya kashatu n‘okukoresa omu bwire, kandi okuteerana kw‘okwotsya okurikureetwaho nikurenga aha muheendo gw‘okutunguuka kw‘obutagatsi ogurikwikirizibwa ogw‘emotoka; Ekyakana, circuit y’omuringo gw’okukyendeeza torque neeremwa ahabw’enshonga ezimwe, ekirikureetera torque kuba mpango munonga; Ekyakatano, ebirikuba biri omu mwanya biri ahaiguru munonga, ekirikukyendeeza aha bushoborozi bw’okwotsya bwa moteri.

Eira, omuringo gw’okurinda emotoka gukaba guri ogw’okukoresa fiyuzi, ebirikureeta amashanyarazi maingi, ebirikureeta obutagatsi, ebirikureeta obutagatsi n’ebindi, kwonka emiringo egi eine ebirungi n’ebibi byayo. Tihariho muringo gw‘okwerinda ogurikwesigwa aha bikwato ebirikuhinduka omu migugu nk‘ebikwato by‘amashanyarazi. Nahabwekyo, emigaati etari emwe n’emwe eine kukozesebwa, erikubaasa kugambwaho omu bugufu omu miringo ebiri: emwe n’okucwera orubanja okweyongyera nari okukyendeera kw’amaani g’okuta omu motoka; Ekyakabiri n’okucwera orubanja embeera y’okuhemba kwa moteri ahabwayo. Omu muringo gwona, omuringo gwona nigutwara omu nkora obwire obuhairwe obw‘obushoboorozi bw‘okwotsya bwa moteri.

Omu bwijwire, omuringo gw‘okwerinda ogw‘omutaano ogw‘okuremeera munonga ni: okurinda okuremeera munonga ahabw‘okuguma nookora nari okuvuga emotoka, orikukoresa ekikwato ky‘okukyendeeza obutagatsi; Ahabw’okurinda omuvugi w’emotoka y’emigugu, thermal relay neekoresibwa; Aha butandu z’amashanyarazi makye, fiyuzi nari relay z’amashanyarazi ezirengire nizikoresibwa.

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