Okushenda n’omuringo gw’okuhendera ogurikukira kukozesebwa aha rubaju rw’okukingaho ebipimo omu nkora y’okukora. Okushenda nikubaasa kureetera eitaka ry‘okukingaho valvu kutunga obuhikire bw‘ahaiguru bw‘ebicweka, obuhango bw‘ekishushani kya geometric n‘obuhango bw‘eitaka, kwonka tikirikubaasa kutunguura obuhikire bw‘omwanya gw‘okugaaniira ahagati y‘eitaka ry‘okukingaho. Okuhikiirira kw’ebipimo by’eitaka ry’okukingaho valvu y’ahansi nikukira kuba 0.001~0.003mm; obuhikire bw’ekishushani kya geometry (nk’okutashushana) ni 0.001mm; obuhango bw’ahaiguru ni 0.1~0.008.
Omusingye gw‘okukingaho okushenda aha itaka nigutwariramu ebintu bitaano: omuringo gw‘okushenda, okutambura kw‘okushenda, omuvuyo gw‘okushenda, okushenda okurikugyemeserezibwa n‘okuha sente z‘okushenda.
1. Omuringo gw'okushenda
Ekikwato ky’okushenda n’aha mutwe gw’empeta y’okukingaho nibikwatanisibwa gye, kandi ekikwato ky’okushenda nikikora emivuyo y’okushenda egumire aha mutwe gw’ekicweka ekirikuteerana. Ebishaju nibiteebwa ahagati y’ekikwato ky’okukinga n’aha mutwe gw’empeta y’okukinga. Ekikwato ky‘okusiiga n‘aha mutwe gw‘empeta y‘okukinga byagyendera aha bindi, ekicweka ky‘embibo z‘okusiiga omu kishaayi nikiija kusheesheka nari kusheesheka ahagati y‘ekikwato ky‘okusiiga n‘aha mutwe gw‘empeta y‘okusiiga. omutindo gw’ekyoma. Enshonda eziri aha mutwe gw’empeta y’okukinga nizibanza zisheenywa hare, reero geometry erikwetengyesa neehikirizibwa mporampora.
Okushenda ti muringo gw’ebyoma gwonka ogw’okushenda aha byoma, kureka n’ekikorwa ky’eby’obuhangwa. Girisi eri omu kirungo ky’okusheenya neebaasa kukora ekishushani kya oxide aha itaka eririkuza kukorwaho, n’ahabw’ekyo nikitunguura omuringo gw’okusheenya.
2 . okutambura kw'okushenda
Ekikwato ky‘okushenda n‘aha mutwe gw‘empeta y‘okukinga byagyendera aha bindi, omubaro gw‘emihanda y‘okusheenya erikwingana ya buri nshonga aha mutwe gw‘empeta y‘okukinga kuhika aha kikwato ky‘okushenda gushemerire kuba gumwe. Kandi, orubaju orurikugyenderamu orurikushushana rushemerire kuguma niruhinduka. Okuhinduka kw’obwire bwona kw’orubaju orurikugyenderamu nikuzibira buri njuma y’okusheenya kugaruka omu nkora yaayo aha mutwe gw’empeta y’okukinga, kugira ngu etareetaho obubonero bw’okujwara oburikureebwa butunu n’okwongyera aha kusharara kw’aha mutwe gw’empeta y’okukinga. Okwongyera ahari ekyo, okuhindura okutarikuhwaho kw’orubaju orurikugyenderamu tikurikubaasa kureetera ekirungo kugabwa gye, kugira ngu ekyoma ekiri aha mutwe gw’empeta y’okukingaho kibaasa kushara gye.
N‘obu okutambura kw‘okushenda kuraabe kugumire kandi n‘orubaju orurikutamburamu niruhinduka munonga, okutambura kw‘okushenda nikukorwa buriijo aha rubaju rw‘okuteerana rw‘ekikwato ky‘okushenda n‘aha rubaju rw‘empeta y‘okukinga. Yaaba n’okushenda omu ngaro nari okushenda kw’ebyoma, okuhikiirira kw’ekishushani ky’omubiri gw’ahaiguru y’empeta y’okukinga nikukira kukwatwaho okuhikiirira kw’ekishushani ky’ekipimo ky’ekikwato ky’okushenda n’okutambura kw’okushenda.
3. sipiidi y'okushenda
Oku okushenda kurikweyongyera juba, nikwo okushenda kurikweyongyera kuba kurungi. Omuvuyo gw’okushenda nigurahuka, obucweka oburikusheenya bwingi niburaba aha mutwe gw’ekintu ekirikukoresibwa buri yuniiti y’obwire, kandi ebyoma bingi nibisharaho.
Omuvuyo gw’okushenda nigukira kuba 10~240m/min. Aha bikwatiraine n‘okukora ebirikwetenga okushenda okuhikire, omuvuyo gw‘okushenda okutwarira hamwe tigurikurenga 30m/min. Omuvuyo gw’okushenda aha rubaju rw’okukingaho valvu nigukwatagana n’ebintu ebiri aha rubaju rw’okukingaho. Omuvuyo gw’okushenda ogw’okukingaho aha mutwe gw’omuringa n’ekyoma ekikozirwe ni 10~45m/min; ekicweka ky’okukingaho eky’ekyoma ekigumire n’ekyoma ekigumire ni 25~80m/min; aha mutwe gw’okukingaho eby’ekyoma ekitarikukyereba 10~25m/min.
4. okushenda
Oburungi bw’okushenda nibweyongyera n’okwongyera aha nkora y’okushenda, kandi enkora y’okushenda teine kuba eri ahaiguru munonga, okutwarira hamwe 0.01-0.4MPa.
Omu kushenda aha mutwe gw’ekyoma ekicukire, omuringa n’ekyoma ekitarikukyereba ekya austenitic, amaani g’okushenda ni 0.1~0.3MPa; ekicweka ky’okukingaho eky’ekyoma ekigumire n’ekyoma ekigumire ni 0.15~0.4MPa. Twara omuhendo muhango gw’okushenda okugumire n’omuhendo mukye gw’okushenda okurungi.
5. Enshaho y'okushenda
Ahabw’okugira ngu okushenda n’omuringo gw’okuhendera, omuhendo gw’okushara ni mukye munonga. Obuhango bw‘okushenda niburugiirira aha kuhikiirira kw‘ebyoma n‘okusharara kw‘ahaiguru kw‘omuringo ogwabandize. Ahansi y‘omusingye gw‘okureeba ngu ebishushani by‘okukora eby‘omuringo ogwabandize byaihwaho n‘okutereeza enshobi y‘ekipimo ky‘empeta y‘okukinga, oku sente z‘okushenda zirikuba nkye, nikwo kirikuba kirungi.
Okutwarira hamwe, eitaka ry’okukinga riine kubanza ryashendwa gye ritakashendwa. Bwanyima y’okushenda gye, omwanya gw’okukingaho nigubaasa kushekyererwa butoosha, kandi ekicweka ky’okushenda ekikye munonga ni: ekicweka ky’okushenda eky’oburaingwa ni 0.008~0.020mm; omushaara gw’enyonyi ni 0.006~0.015mm. Twara omuhendo mukye okushenda kw‘emikono nari okuguma kw‘ebintu kwaba kuri ahaiguru, kandi twara omuhendo muhango okushenda kw‘ebyoma nari okuguma kw‘ebintu kuri ahansi.
Eitaka ry’okukingaho omubiri gwa valvu tiririkushemeza kusheenya n’okukoraho, n’ahabw’ekyo okuhindura gye nikubaasa kukoresibwa. Bwanyima y’okuheza kuhindura, omwanya gw’okukingaho guteekwa kuba guri ahansi y’ebicupuri gutakaherize, kandi ekicweka ky’enyonyi ekirikuheebwayo ni 0.012~0.050mm.
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Obwire bw'okuhandiika: Okwamukaaga-25-2023
