Nk’ekitongore ekirikurwanisa obukooko, omurimo ogurikukirayo obukuru ogw’ekitongore ky’okuboneza amaizi g’emiferere n’okureeba ngu amaizi g’emiferere gahikire aha mutindo. Kwonka ahabw’okugira ngu emitindo y’okushohoza amaizi erikweyongyera kuba egumire n’okugira ngu abacondoozi b’eby’obuhangwa baine obushaarizi, kireetsireho okugyemeserezibwa kwingi omu kukora aha kitongore ky’okushemeza amaizi g’emiferere. Buzimazima nikyeyongyera kuguma okushohoza amaizi.
Okurugirira aha kureeba kw’omuhandiiki, ekirikureetaho butoosha oburemeezi bw’okuhika aha rurengo rw’okushohoza amaizi n’okugira ngu okutwarira hamwe hariho enzindo ishatu z’obubi omu bitongore by’okushohoza amaizi g’emiferere omu ihanga ryangye.
Eky‘okubanza n‘omuringo gw‘obubi gw‘emirimo y‘ebishaka bikye (MLVSS/MLSS) n‘okugira ebishaka bingi; ekya kabiri n’ekizibu ky’obubi eky’okugira ngu oku emibazi y’okuihaho phosphorus erikweyongyera, nikwo n’ebishaka birikurugamu; ekya kashatu n‘ekyombeko ky‘okuboneza amaizi g‘emiferere kumara obwire buraingwa Okukora munonga, eby‘okukoresa tibirikubaasa kubonezibwa, nibigyendera aha ndwara omwaka gwona, ekirikureetaho omuze gw‘okushemeza amaizi g‘emiferere kukyendeera.
#1
Enzindo y‘obubi ey‘emirimo y‘ebishaka bikye n‘okugira ebishaka bingi
Purofeesa Wang Hongchen akozire okucondooza aha bikwatiraine n’ebintu 467 ebirikukora amaizi g’emiferere. Ka tureebe aha bihandiiko by‘emirimo y‘ebishaka n‘okuteerana kw‘ebishaka: Omu bitongore ebi 467 eby‘okushemeza amaizi g‘emiferere, 61% by‘ebitongore by‘okushemeza amaizi g‘ebishaka biine MLVSS/MLSS eri ahansi ya 0.5, nka 30 % by‘ebitongore by‘okushemeza amaizi g‘ebishaka biine MLVSS/MLSS eri ahansi ya 0.4.
Omubaro gw’ebishaka ebiri omu 2/3 by’ebitongore by’okushemeza amaizi g’emiferere nigurenga 4000 mg/L, omubaro gw’ebishaka ebiri omu 1/3 y’eby’okushemeza amaizi g’emiferere nigurenga 6000 mg/L, kandi omubaro gw’ebishaka ebiri omu bitongore 20 by’okushemeza amaizi g’emiferere nibirenga 10000 mg/L.
Ni birungi ki ebirikuruga omu mbeera ezi aharuguru (emirimo mikye y‘ebishaka, okugira ebishaka bingi)? N’obu turaabe twareebire ebihandiiko bingi eby’eby’obuhangwa ebirikushwijuma amazima, kwonka omu bigambo byorobi, hariho ekirugiremu kimwe, nikwo kugira ngu amaizi agarikurugamu nigarenga aha mutindo.
Eki nikibaasa kushoboororwa omu miringo ebiri. Aha rubaju rumwe, bwanyima y’okugira ngu ebishaka biri bingi, okwetantara okushohoza ebishaka, nikyetengyesa kwongyera aha kureetaho omuyaga. Okwongyera aha mubaro gw’okutaho omuyaga tikirikwija kwongyera aha kukozesa amaani gonka, kureka n’okwongyera aha kicweka ky’ebihangirwe. Okwongyezibwaho kwa oxygen erimu amaizi nikwija kunyaga entandikwa ya carbon erikwetengyesa omu kuhindura ebiriisa, ekirikwija kukwataho butoosha okukyendeeza ebiriisa n’okuihaho phosphorus omu nkora y’ebihangirwe, ekirikureetaho N na P nyingi munonga.
Aha rubaju orundi, okuteerana kw’ebishaka kwingi nikureetera omugaati gw’ebishaka n’amaizi kutunguuka, kandi ebishaka nibibura juba n’ebirikuruga omu tanka y’okusheenya eya kabiri, ekirikubaasa kuzibira ekicweka ky’okushemeza eky’omurembe nari kureetera ebishaka COD na SS kurenga aha mutindo.
Bwanyima y‘okugamba aha birugiremu, ka tugambire ahabwenki ebitongore by‘okushohoza amaizi g‘emiferere ebingi biine oburemeezi bw‘okukora amaizi makye n‘okugira amaizi maingi.
Omu mazima, enshonga ahabwenki ebishaka biri bingi n‘emirimo mikye y‘ebishaka. Ahabw‘okugira ngu emirimo y‘ebishaka eri ahansi, kubaasa kutunguura omutindo gw‘okujanjaba, ebishaka biine kwongyerwaho. Omurimo gw’ebishaka mukye nigureetwaho ahabw’okugira ngu amaizi agarikutaaha omu itaka garimu omushenyi mwingi gw’ebishaka, ogurikutaaha omu kitongore ky’okushemeza eby’obuhangwa kandi gukateerana mporampora, ekirikuteganisa emirimo y’obukooko obukye.
Omu maizi agarikuza omu maizi harimu ebishaka bingi n’omushenyi. Ekimwe n’okugira ngu interception effect ya grille n’embi munonga, kandi ekindi n’okugira ngu ebirikurenga 90% eby’okuboneza amaizi g’emiferere omu ihanga ryangye tibyombekire ebitanka by’okubanza eby’okusheenya amaizi.
Abantu abamwe nibabaasa kubuuza, ahabwenki otarikwombeka tanka y’okubanza ey’okusheenya amaizi? Eki nikikwata aha nkora y’emipiira. Hariho obuzibu nk’okutakwatanisa kubi, okutaaha omu nkora okutaine nkora, n’okutakwatanisa gye omu nkora y’emipiira omu ihanga ryangye. Ekirugiremu, omutindo gw‘amaizi agarikuteganisa eby‘okukoresa omu kusheenya okutwarira hamwe gwine emitwarize eshatu: okugira ebintu ebigumire ebitari by‘obuhangwa (ISS), COD nkye, omubaro gwa C/N mukye.
Okuteerana kw’ebintu ebitari by’obuhangwa omu maizi agarikutaaha omu maizi nikwingana, nikwo kugira ngu omushenyi ogurimu nigukiraho. Omu kubanza, tanka y‘okubanza ey‘okusheenya ekaba neebaasa kukyendeeza aha bintu ebimwe ebitari by‘obuhangwa, kwonka ahabw‘okugira ngu COD y‘amaizi agarikutaaha omu itaka eri ahansi munonga, ebitongore by‘okusheenya ebingi nibikora busha Otayombeka tanka y‘okubanza ey‘okusheenya.
Omu kucondooza okurikuhererukayo, emirimo y‘ebishaka bikye n‘ekihunguro kya “ebimera ebiremeire n‘obutimba obukye”.
Tugambire ngu okugira ebishaka bingi n’emirimo mikye nibiija kureetera N na P nyingi omu maizi agarikuruga omu itaka. Omu bwire obu, emiringo y‘okugarukamu ey‘ebitongore by‘okushohoza amaizi g‘emiferere ebingi n‘okwongyeraho enshonga za kaboni n‘ebintu ebitari by‘obuhangwa. Kwonka, okwongyeraho omubaro muhango gw‘enshonga z‘aheeru za kaboni nikiija kureetera okweyongyera kw‘okukoresa amaani, obwo okwongyeraho omubaro muhango gw‘ebintu ebirikukora nk‘eby‘okurya (flocculant) nikwija kureetaho omubaro muhango gw‘ebishaka by‘emibazi, ekirikureetaho okweyongyera kw‘ebishaka n‘okwongyera kukyendeeza aha mirimo y‘ebishaka, ekirikureetaho omuzingo gw‘akabi.
#2
Enkora y‘obushaarizi ei emibazi y‘okuihaho phosphorus erikukoresibwa munonga, nikwo n‘okureetaho ebishaka bingi.
Okukozesa emibazi y’okuihaho phosphorus kwongyeire aha kutunga ebishaka n’ebicweka 20% kuhika ahari 30%, nari n’okukiraho.
Ekizibu ky‘ebishaka kibaire kiri ekizibu kihango ky‘ebitongore by‘okuboneza amaizi g‘emiferere kumara emyaka mingi, okukira munonga ahabw‘okugira ngu tihaine muhanda gw‘okuruga omu bishaka, nari omuhanda gw‘okurugamu tigugumire. .
Eki nikireetaho okutunguuka kw‘emyaka y‘ebishaka, ekirikureetaho ekikorwa ky‘okukura kw‘ebishaka, n‘obundi obutashushana bw‘amaani nk‘okugira ebishaka bingi.
Ebishaka ebigaziibwe biine okuteerana kubi. Okufeerwa kw‘amaizi kuruga omu tanka y‘okusheenya eya kabiri, ekicweka ky‘okushemeza eky‘omurembe nikizibirwa, ebirikuruga omu kushemeza nibikyendeera, kandi n‘omuhendo gw‘amaizi g‘okunaaba enyima nigweyongyera.
Okwongyera aha mubaro gw‘amaizi g‘okunaaba enyima nikwija kurugamu ebirugiremu bibiri, kimwe n‘okukyendeeza aha nkora y‘okujanjaba ey‘ekicweka ky‘eby‘amagara ekyabandize.
Amaizi maingi g‘okunaaba enyima nigagarurwa omu tanka y‘okutaho omuyaga, ekirikukyendeeza obwire bw‘okurinda amaizi g‘omubumbi buzima kandi kikyendeeza aha nkora y‘okujanjaba ey‘okujanjaba okwa kabiri;
Ekyakabiri n‘okwongyera kukyendeeza aha nkora y‘okukora ey‘ekicweka ky‘okukora eky‘omunda.
Ahabw‘okugira ngu amaizi maingi g‘okunaaba enyima gaine kugaruka omu nkora y‘okushwijuma ey‘omurembe, omubaro gw‘okushwijuma nigweyongyera kandi obushoboorozi bw‘okushwijuma buzima nibukyendeera.
Ekirugire omu kujanjaba kwona nikiba kibi, ekirikubaasa kureetera phosphorus yoona na COD omu maizi g‘okusheeshasheesha kurenga aha mutindo. Okubaasa kutarenga aha mutindo, ekitongore ky’okusheenya amaizi g’emiferere nikiija kwongyera aha kukozesa eby’okusheenya ebiriisa bya phosphorus, ekirikwongyera kwongyera aha mubaro gw’ebishaka.
omu nkora y’obushaarizi.
#3
Enzindo y‘obwire buraingwa y‘okuremeera munonga eby‘okukoresa omu kusheenya amaizi g‘emiferere n‘okukyendeeza aha busobozi bw‘okuboneza amaizi g‘emiferere
Okuboneza amaizi g’emiferere tikurikurugiirira aha bantu bonka, kureka n’aha bikwato.
Ebikwato by’okusheenya amaizi bibaire nibirwana omu rubaju rw’omumaisho omu kuboneza amaizi kumara obwire buraingwa. Ku kiraabe kitarikubonezibwa butoosha, oburemeezi nibuija kubaho juba nari bwanyima. Kwonka omu mbeera nyingi, eby’okukoresa omu kusheenya amaizi g’emiferere tibirikubaasa kubonezibwa, ahabw’okuba eby’okukoresa ebimwe byaheza kwemerera, amaizi agarikurugamu nigabaasa kurenga aha mutindo. Omu nkora y’okuha sente z’okuziha sente buri izooba, buri omwe tarikubaasa kuzigura.
Omuri ebyombeko 467 eby’okushemeza amaizi g’omu ndembo ebyacondooziibwe Purofeesa Wang Hongchen, nk’ebicweka bibiri ahari kashatu byabyo biine emihendo y’amaizi erikurenga ahari 80%, nk’ekicweka kimwe kya kashatu ekirikukira ahari 120%, kandi ebyombeko 5 eby’okushemeza amaizi g’emiferere biri ahaiguru ya 150%.
Omubaro gw‘okutwara amaizi gwaba guri ahaiguru ya 80%, okwihaho ebitongore bikye ebihango munonga eby‘okuboneza amaizi g‘emiferere, ebitongore by‘okuboneza amaizi g‘emiferere eby‘omutaano tibirikubaasa kukingaho amaizi g‘okuboneza aha nshonga ngu amaizi agarikuruga omu maizi nigahika aha rurengo, kandi tihaine maizi g‘okugaruzaho g‘okukoresa omu kusheeshasheesha n‘okutaho ebikwato by‘okusheenya amaizi g‘omusheenyi eby‘akabiri. Ebikwato eby’ahansi nibibaasa kuhindurwa kimwe nari kugarurwaho byaheza kusheeshasheesha.
Nikwo kugira ngu, nk‘ebicweka 2/3 by‘ebitongore by‘okushohoza amaizi g‘emiferere tibirikubaasa kuboneza eby‘okukoresa aha nshonga y‘okureeba ngu amaizi g‘emiferere gahikire aha mutindo.
Okurugirira aha kucondooza kwa Purofesa Wang Hongchen, amagara g’ebikwato ebirikureeta omuyaga okutwarira hamwe ni emyaka 4-6, kwonka 1/4 y’ebikwato ebirikureeta amaizi g’emiferere tibikozireho okuboneza okusheesha empeho aha bikwato ebi kumara emyaka 6. Ekikwato ky’okusharaho ebishaka, ekirikwetenga kusheesheka n’okubonezibwa, okutwarira hamwe tikirikubonezibwa omwaka gwona.
Ebikwato ebi bibaire nibikora n’endwara kumara obwire buraingwa, kandi obushoboorozi bw’okuboneza amaizi nibweyongyera kuba bubi. Okubaasa kugumira oburemeezi bw’okushohoza amaizi, tihaine oku orikubaasa kugaremesa kubaasa kubonezibwa. Omu nkora y’obushaarizi nk’egyo, nihaija kuguma hariho enkora y’okuboneza amaizi g’emiferere erikwija kugwa.
#4
handiika ahamuheru
Bwanyima y’okurinda eby’obuhangwa kuteebwaho nk’enkora y’eihanga ryangye ey’omutaano, emirimo y’amaizi, gaasi, ebigumire, eitaka n’ebindi ebirikuzibira obukooko bikatunguuka juba, omuri ebyo emirimo y’okushemeza amaizi g’emiferere neebaasa kugambwa ngu niyo erikwebembera. Omutindo ogutarikumara, okukora kw’ekyombeko ky’okushohoza amaizi g’emiferere kugwa omu kabi, kandi ekizibu ky’omutindo gw’emipiira n’ebishaka kihindukire oburemeezi bubiri obukuru omu by’okushemeza amaizi g’emiferere omu ihanga ryangye.
Kandi hati, n’obwire bw’okugaruzaho ebitahikire.
Obwire bw'okuhandiika: Okwakabiri-23-2022
