Valvu y’ebinyonyi n’enki?

Evalvu y'ekihuguhugukikatandikirwaho omuri Amerika omu myaka ya 1930. Kikatandikirwaho Japan omu myaka ya 1950 kandi kikaba kitarikukoresibwa munonga omuri Japan kuhisya omu myaka ya 1960. Tikyamanyirwe omu ihanga ryangye kuhitsya omu myaka ya 1970. Ebintu ebikuru ebiri omu butterfly valves ni: torque nkye y’okukora, omwanya mukye gw’okutaho n’oburemeezi bukye. Twatwara DN1000 nk’eky’okureeberaho, aba .valvu y'ekihuguhuguni nka 2T, obwo .valvu y'omuryangoni nka 3.5T. Evalvu y'ekihuguhugun’ekyanguhi kugaita n’ebyoma by’okuvuga ebitari bimwe na bimwe kandi kiine obugumire burungi n’obwesigwa. Ekizibu ky‘ebipimo by‘ebinyonyi ebikingirwe n‘okugira ngu ku birikukoresibwa omu kusheeshasheesha, okusheenya nikwija kubaho ahabw‘okubikozesa kubi, ekirikureetera entebe y‘ebipimo kusheenyagura kandi ekashiisha. Nahabwekyo, oku orikubaasa kugitoorana gye nikirugiirira aha mbeera y’okukora. Enkoragana eri ahagati y‘okukingura kw‘ekibunu ky‘ekinyonyi n‘omubaro gw‘okusheeshasheesha omu kubanza n‘ey‘omuringo gumwe. Ku kiraabe nikikoresibwa okutegyeka omubaro gw’okusheesheka, emitwarize yaakyo y’okusheesheka nayo neekwatagana munonga n’okuzibira okusheesheka kw’emipiira. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, ekipimo kya valve n’omuringo gw’emipiira ebiri byona byaba nibishushana, kwonka omubaro gw’okufeerwa emipiira nigutaana, omubaro gw’okusheeshasheesha kwa valve nagwo nigwija kuba nigutaana munonga. Valve yaaba eri omu mbeera y‘okusheeshasheesha kwingi, okusheeshasheesha nikukira kubaho aha rubaju rw‘enyima rw‘empapura za valve, ekirikubaasa kushiisha valve. Okutwarira hamwe nikikoresibwa aheeru ya 15°. Obu aba .valvu y'ekihuguhugueri omu kwigura kwa rwagati, ekishushani ky’okukingura ekirikukorwa omubiri gwa valvu n’omuheru gw’omumaisho gw’ekipande ky’ekinyonyi kiri ahagati y’ekipande kya valvu, kandi embeera zitari zimwe na zimwe nizikorwa aha mbaju zombi. Omuheru gw’omu maisho gw’ekipande ky’ebinyonyi aha rubaju rumwe nigugyendera omu rubaju oru amaizi garikugyenderamu, kandi orubaju orundi nirugyendera omu rubaju oru amaizi garikugyenderamu. Nahabwekyo, omubiri gwa valvu n’ekipande kya valvu aharubaju rumwe nibikora ekicweka ekirikushushana n’ekiina, kandi orubaju orundi nirushushana n’ekicweka ekirikushushana n’ekiina ky’okutaho throttle. Orubaju rwa nozzle rurimu omuvuyo gw’okusheeshasheesha munonga kukira orubaju rwa throttle, kandi pressure mbi neija kuruga ahansi ya valve aha rubaju rwa throttle, kandi ekipande ky’orubaare nikiija kugwa obwire obwingi. Torque y’okukora ey’valvu y'ekihuguhugunikihinduka ahabw‘ebicweka by‘okukingaho ebitarikushushana n‘okukinguka n‘okukinga kwa valvu. Torque erikuruga omu ntaaniso eri ahagati y’emitwe y’amaizi ey’ahaiguru n’ey’ahansi ey’ekibunu ky’ebinyonyi ekirikuhikaana, namunonga ekibunu ky’ekinyonyi ekihango, ahabw’oburaingwa bw’amaizi, tikirikubaasa kugaya. Okwongyera ahari ekyo, ekikumu kyaba kiteirwe aha rubaju orurikutaaha omu valve, nihabaho okusheesheka kw’okushoroora, kandi torque neija kweyongyera. Valve ku erikuba eri omu kwigura kwa rwagati, omuringo gw’okukora nigwetenga kwekingaho ahabw’ekikorwa ky’omuvuyo gw’amaizi.

China eine enjegyere nyingi z’amakorero ga valve, kwonka ti maani ga valve. Okutwarira hamwe, eihanga ryangye ritaahire omu nkora y’amahanga g’ensi yoona agarikukora valve, kwonka aha bikwatiraine n’omutindo gw’ebintu, eihanga ryangye rikiri hare n’okuba eihanga ry’amaani. Enkora egi n’obunaku obu eine okuta omutima aha kuhanga ebintu bikye, obushoboorozi bukye bwa R&D bwa valve ezirikuhikaana n’ebintu by’omuhendo, n’omutindo gwa tekinologiya y’okukora ebintu omu nkora ya valve, kandi n’okubura eby’obushuubuzi bw’okureeta n’okushohoza ebintu aheeru y’ihanga nikugumizamu nikweyongyera. Buzima tihariho kampuni nyingi munonga eza valve ezirikubaasa kugumaho buzima omu katare. Kwonka okushoberwa oku okw’omuvuyo gw’ahaiguru omu by’obushuubuzi bwa valve nikwija kureeta emigisha mingi, kandi ekirugire omu kushoberwa oku nikiija kureetera okukora kw’akatare kuba okw’omugasho. Omuhanda gw’okuta omu mwanya gwa valvu z’omurembe gw’ahaiguru “gurimu ebifunjo” munonga. Ebicweka by’omutaano bihindukire ekizibu ekirikuremesa entunguuka y’eby’obushuubuzi bw’eihanga ryangye kuhika aha by’ahaiguru. Omu ntebeekanisa y’emyaka etaano eya 12, gavumenti neija kugumizamu neeyongyera aha kuhindura ebicweka by’ebikwato by’omuhendo omu ihanga. Aha nitutoorana entunguuka nyingi ezikuru omu “Ntebeekanisa y‘okuta omu nkora” n‘amakorero g‘okujwekyera valvu ahabw‘okushwijuma okubaasa kw‘okuhindura eby‘okurya kuruga aheeru. Kuruga omu kweshwijuma, nikibaasa kureebwa ngu okubaasa kw‘okuhindura eby‘okureeta omu ihanga omu makorero makye gatari gamwe na gamwe nikutaana munonga, kandi eby‘okukoresa eby‘omurembe gw‘ahaiguru nibyetenga ahonaaho obuhabuzi bw‘enkora nyingi n‘obushagiki bw‘okucondooza kwa sayansi.

Enkora ya valve neekora omurimo muhango munonga nk’omukago muhango omu nkora y’okukora ebikwato omu kutunguura eby’entaasya y’eihanga. Ahabw’okugira ngu omutindo gw’eby’obushuubuzi bw’okukora valvu omu ihanga ryangye gukiine orurengo rumwe kuruga aha rurengo rw’ensi yoona orw’omurembe, bingi ebikuru .za valvun’ebicweka by’ahaiguru, obutagatsi bwingi n’okuteerana kwingi, n’omutindo gwa paundi gw’ahaiguru butoosha bibaire nibyesiga eby’okureeta kuruga aheeru. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, ekika kya OMAL ekya Buraaya kikaba kiri eky’okutooranamu kikuru omu by’okukoresa valve z’omu maka. Okubaasa kutunguura okutaho valvu omu mwanya, bwanyima ya State Council kushohoza “Ebiteekateeko bitari bimwe na bimwe aha kutunguura okugaruzaho eby’obushuubuzi bw’okukora ebikwato”, ebitongore bya gavumenti ebiine akakwate bikozire omubaro gw’okutaho ebikwato bikuru kurugiirira aha byetengo bya gavumenti eby’okutaho eby’okukoresa ebikuru omu mwanya. Okwebemberwa akakiiko k’eihanga akarikucondooza aha ntunguuka n’okuhindura eby’obushuubuzi, ekibiina ky’ebyoma ekya China hamwe n’ekibiina ky’ebyoma ekya China omu bwijwire, bataireho kandi bakora enkora y’okutunguura eby’obushuubuzi.valveenteekateeka y‘okutaho eby‘okukoresa ebikuru omu mirimo erikukwatagana, kandi bakakwatanisa n‘ebitongore ebiine akakwate emirundi mingi. Hati okuhindura valvu omu mwanya kikozire okuhikirizana omu by’obushuubuzi bwa valvu omu maka. Okutwara n’amaani emitindo y’ensi yoona ey’okukora ebintu; okunywanisa ebyombeko by‘okukora ebirungi munonga eby‘aheeru y‘eihanga (obariiremu na tekinologiya erimu obugabe); okugyezaho ebintu n’okukyebera emirimo nibikorwa n’obumanzi kurugiirira aha mutindo gw’ensi yoona; okunywanisa obumanyirizi bw’enkora y’okukora ebintu kuruga aheeru y’ihanga n’okuta omutima aha kucondooza n’okutunguura ebintu bisya; okushoboorora aha nkora y‘eby‘obuhangwa n‘embeera z‘okukora z‘ebintu bya valve eby‘omutindo gw‘ahaiguru ebirikuruga aheeru, n‘ebindi n‘emiringo y‘okutunguura omuringo gw‘okuhindura omu mwanya, okutunguura okugumizamu n‘okugaruza busya ebintu bya valvu, n‘okumanya omu bwijwire okuhindura valvu omu mwanya. Ahabw‘okutunguuka kw‘omuvuyo gw‘okugaruzaho omu by‘obushuubuzi bwa valvu, eby‘obushuubuzi eby‘omumaisho nibiija kuba eby‘okuhakanisa ahagati y‘omutindo gw‘ebintu bya valvu n‘obukuumi n‘ebika by‘ebintu. Ebintu nibiija kutunguuka omu rubaju rwa tekinologiya y’ahaiguru, ebirikugyendera aha nkora y’ahaiguru, okuzibira okusheenya kw’amaani, n’okumara obwire buraingwa. Ni kurabira omu kugumizamu n‘okukora ebintu bisya omu bya tekinologiya, okukora ebintu bisya, n‘okuhindura omu bya tekinologiya, omutindo gwa tekinologiya gw‘ebintu nigubaasa kutunguuka mporampora kuhikiiriza okuhikaana kw‘ebyoma by‘omu ka n‘okumanya omu bwijwire okutaho eby‘okukoresa omu mwanya. Omu mbeera y’okwenda munonga, eby’obushuubuzi by’okukora valve omu ihanga ryangye buzima nibiija kworeka entunguuka nungi.