Abantu nibakira kuteekateeka ngu .valvuy’ekyoma ekitarikukyereba kandi terikwija kukyereba. Ku kiraabe nikibaho, nikibaasa kuba kiri ekizibu ky’ekyoma. Eki n’ekiteekateeko kibi eky’orubaju rumwe aha kubura okwetegyereza eby’ekyoma ebitarikusheeshasheesha, nabyo ebirikubaasa kusheenya omu mbeera ezimwe.
Ekyoma ekitarikukyereba kiine obushoboorozi bw’okuzibira okuhinduka kw’omuyaga .—nikwo kugira ngu, okuzibira okukyereba, kandi n’okugira obushoboorozi bw’okukyereba omu bihandiiko ebirimu asidi, alkali, n’eminyoro .—nikwo kugira ngu, okuzibira okusheenya. Kwonka obuhango bw’obushoboorozi bwayo obw’okurwanisa okusheenya nibuhindurwa n’eby’obuhangwa by’ekyoma kyayo kyonka, embeera y’okurindwa, embeera z’okukoresa n’omuringo gw’eby’obuhangwa.
Ekyoma ekitarikukyereba nikikira kubaganisibwamu:
Obwire obwingi, kurugiirira aha nkora y’ebyoma, ebyoma bya buriijo ebitarikusheeshasheesha nibibaganisibwamu emiringo eshatu: ebyoma ebitarikusheeshasheesha ebya austenitic, ebyoma ebitarikusheeshasheesha ebya ferritic, n’ekyoma ekitarikusheeshasheesha ebya martensitic. Ahansi y’ebintu ebi bishatu eby’omutaano eby’ebyoma, ahabw’ebyetengo n’ebigyendererwa by’omutaano, ebyoma by’emiringo ebiri, ebyoma ebitarikusheeshasheesha ebirikugumizamu ahabw’okugwa kw’enjura n’ebyoma by’omutindo gw’ahaiguru ebiine eby’ekyoma ebiri ahansi ya 50% nibirugamu.
1. Ekyoma ekitarikusheeshasheesha ekya Austenitic.
Matrix neetegyekwa omutindo gwa austenite (CY phase) gw’omutindo gwa cubic crystal oguri ahagati y’amaisho, ogutari gw’amashanyarazi, kandi nigukira kuhamibwa okukora omu bwire bw’obufuki (kandi nikibaasa kureetera emitwarize y’amashanyarazi emwe) ekyoma ekitarikukyereba. Ekitongore ky’ebyoma n’ebyoma ekya America nikimanyisibwa enamba eziri omu 200 na 300, nka 304.
2. Ekyoma ekitarikukyereba ekya Ferritic.
Ekicweka ky’omutaano ni . ekirikutegyekwa omubumbi wa ferrite ((omurundi) gw’omubumbi gwa cubic crystal oguri ahagati y’omubiri, ogurimu amashanyarazi kandi okutwarira hamwe tigurikubaasa kuhamibwa ahabw’okukora omu bwire bw’okwotsya, kwonka nigubaasa kuhamibwa kakye ahabw’okukora omu bwire bw’obufuki. Ekitongore ky’ebyoma n’ekyoma ekya America kiine akamanyiso ka 430 na 446.
3. Ekyoma ekitarikusheeshasheesha ekya Martensitic.
Matrix n’omutindo gwa martensitic (omubiri oguri ahagati ya cubic nari cubic), magnetic, kandi emitwarize yaayo ey’ebyoma neebaasa kuhindurwa ahabw’okukoresa omushana. Ekitongore ky’ekyoma n’ebyoma ekya America kimanyirwe enamba 410, 420 na 440. Martensite eine omubiri gwa austenite aha bwire bw’obwire bw’obwire bw’obwire, kandi ku erikukyendeezibwa kuhika aha bwire bw’obwire bw’omu kishengye aha rurengo oruhikire, omubiri gwa austenite nigubaasa kuhinduka martensite (nikwo kugira ngu, gugumire).
4. Ekyoma ekitarikusheeshasheesha (duplex).
Matrix eine austenite na ferrite ebiri omu nkora y’ebicweka bibiri, kandi ebiri omu matrix y’ebicweka bikye okutwarira hamwe nibikira ahari 15%. Nikikora nk’amashanyarazi kandi nikibaasa kuhamibwa ahabw’okukora omu bwire bw’obufuki. 329 n’ekyoma ky’omutaano ekirimu ebiriisa bibiri. Wagyeragyeranisa n’ekyoma ekitarikukyereba ekya austenitic, ekyoma ky’emiringo ebiri kiine amaani maingi, kandi okuzibira okusheenya kw’omugati n’okusheenya kw’okuteganisibwa kwa chloride n’okusheenya kw’ebiina nibitunguuka munonga.
5. Enjura neegumizamu n’ekyoma ekitarikukyereba.
Ekicweka ky’omubiri eki n’eky’omubiri gwa austenite nari martensitic kandi nikibaasa kuhamibwa ahabw’okuhamibwa kw’enjura. Ekitongore ky’ebyoma n’ekyoma ekya America kihandiikirweho enamba y’omubaro 600, nka 630, eri 17-4PH.
Okutwarira hamwe, okwiha aha bikwatiraine n’okuteerana, okuzibira okusheenya kw’ekyoma kya austenitic stainless steel nikirungi munonga. Omu mwanya ogutarikusheeshasheesha munonga, ekyoma ekitarikusheeshasheesha ekya ferritic nikibaasa kukoresibwa. Omu mbeera y‘okusheeshasheesha okukye, ekintu kyaba nikyetengyesa kuba kiine amaani maingi nari obugumire bw‘ahaiguru, ekyoma ekitarikusheeshasheesha ekya martensitic n‘ekyoma ekitarikusheeshasheesha ekirikugumizamu ahabw‘enjura nibibaasa kukoresibwa.
Ebicweka by'ekyoma ebitarikusheeshasheesha n'ebintu byakyo
01 304 Ekyoma ekitarikukyereba
Ni kimwe aha byoma ebirikukoresibwa munonga kandi ebirikukoresibwa munonga ebya austenitic ebitarikusheeshasheesha. Nikirungi omu kukora ebicweka ebirikukururwa omunda munonga n’emipiira ya asidi, ebikwato, ebicweka by’enkora, emibiri y’ebikwato bitari bimwe na bimwe, n’ebindi Kandi nikibaasa kukoresibwa kukora ebikwato ebitari bya magneti, eby’obutagatsi bukye n’ekicweka.
02 304L Ekyoma ekitarikukyereba
Okubaasa kushoboorora ekizibu ky’ekyoma ekitarikusheeshasheesha ekya ultra-low carbon austenitic ekyakozirwe ahabw’okugwa kw’enjura ya Cr23C6 ekirikureetaho okusheeshasheesha kw’amaani omu by’ekyoma 304 omu mbeera ezimwe, embeera yaakyo ey’okusheeshasheesha ey’omugati y’ebyoma 304 sta. Oyihireho amaani agari ahansi kakye, ebindi birungi nibishushana n’ebyoma 321 ebitarikusheeshasheesha. Nikikoresibwa munonga aha bikwato ebitarikubaasa kusheenya n’ebicweka ebitarikubaasa kukyeberwa bwanyima y’okushemezibwa, kandi nikibaasa kukoresibwa kukora emibiri y’ebikwato etari emwe n’emwe.
03 304H Ekyoma ekitarikukyereba
Eitaagi ry’omunda ry’ekyoma 304 ekitarikukyereba riine ekicweka kya carbon mass ekya 0.04%-0.10%, kandi okukora kwakyo omu bwire bw’obutagatsi bw’ahaiguru nikukira okw’ekyoma 304 ekitarikukyereba.
04 316 Ekyoma ekitarikukyereba
Okwongyeraho molybdenum aha musingi gw’ekyoma kya 10Cr18Ni12 nikireetera ekyoma kugira obutafaari burungi bw’okukyendeeza okusheenya kw’omugati n’okw’omu biina. Omu maizi g’enyanja n’ebindi bihandiiko bitari bimwe na bimwe, okuzibira okusheenya nikukira ebyoma 304 ebitarikusheenya, ebirikukira kukozesebwa omu bintu ebitarikubaasa kusheenya.
05 316L Ekyoma ekitarikukyereba
Ekyoma kya Ultra-low carbon steel kiine obushoboorozi burungi bw’okuzibira okusheeshasheesha kw’omunda y’ebicweka by’omubiri kandi nikibaasika kurungi omu kukora ebicweka ebikozirwe n’ebintu ebiine obuhango bw’ebicweka ebigumire, nk’ebintu ebitarikusheenyagurika omu bikwato by’amajuta.
06 316H Ekyoma ekitarikukyereba
Eitaagi ry’omunda ry’ekyoma 316 ekitarikukyereba riine ekicweka kya carbon mass ekya 0.04%-0.10%, kandi okukora kwakyo omu bwire bw’obutagatsi bw’ahaiguru nikukira okw’ekyoma 316 ekitarikukyereba.
07 317 Ekyoma ekitarikukyereba
Okuzibira okusheenya n’okuzibira okusheenya nibikira ebyoma bya 316L ebitarikusheenya, ebirikukoresibwa omu kukora eby’okukoresa ebirikuzibira okusheenya eby’amajuta n’eby’obuhangwa.
08 321 Ekyoma ekitarikukyereba
Ekyoma ekitarikusheeshasheesha ekiine titanium, okwongyeraho titanium kutunguura okuzibira okusheeshasheesha kw’ebicweka by’omubiri, kandi kiine emitwarize mirungi y’ebyoma ebirikukora aha bwire bw’obwire bw’ahaiguru, nikibaasa kuhindurwa ekyoma ekitarikusheeshasheesha ekya ultra-low carbon austenitic. Oyihireho emikoro y’omutaano nk’obwire bw’obutagatsi bwingi nari okuzibira okusheeshasheesha kw’amaizi, okutwarira hamwe tikirikubaasika kukoresibwa.
09 347 Ekyoma ekitarikukyereba
Niobium-stabilized austenitic ekyoma ekitarikusheeshasheesha, okwongyeraho niobium kutunguura okuzibira okusheeshasheesha ahagati y’ebicweka by’omubiri, okuzibira okusheeshasheesha omu asidi, alkali, omunyugunyu n’ebindi bihingwa ebirikusheeshasheesha ni nk’ekyoma 321 ekitarikusheeshasheesha, okukora gye omu kusheenya, nikibaasa kukoresibwa nk’ekintu ekirikuzibira okusheeshasheesha n’amaani g’okurwanisa okusheeshasheesha omu Ho anti-corrosion ist . emisiri, nk’okukora ebikwato, emipiira, ebikwato ebirikuhindura obutagatsi, ebishate, ebipimo by’okwotsya omu bikoomi by’amakorero, n’ebipimo by’obutagatsi bw’ebikoomi.
10 904L Ekyoma ekitarikukyereba
Ekyoma ekihikire munonga n’omuringo gw’ekyoma ekihikire munonga ekyahangirwe OUTOKUMPU omuri Finland. , Eine obutafaari burungi bw’okuzibira okusheenya omu asidi ezitarikusheeshasheesha nka sulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid na phosphoric acid, kandi eine n’obushoboorozi burungi bw’okuzibira okusheenya kw’ebifunjo n’okuzibira okusheenya kw’ebizimba ahabw’okuteganisibwa. Nikirungi aha bihingwa bitari bimwe na bimwe ebiri ahansi ya 70 .°C, kandi eine obutafaari burungi bw’okuzibira okusheenya omu asidi ya asetiki n’etaburiire asidi ya formic asidi na asidi ya asetiki aha nkora yoona n’obutagatsi ahansi y’omuhimbo ogwa butoosha.
11 440C ekyoma ekitarikukyereba
Ekyoma kya Martensitic ekitarikukyereba nikyo kiine obugumire bw’ahaiguru omu byoma ebitarikusheeshasheesha ebigumire n’ebyoma ebitarikusheeshasheesha, n’obugumire bwa HRC57. Okukira munonga nibikoresibwa kukora ebinyonyi, ebikwato,ekihuguhuguvalve emitima,ekihuguhuguvalve entebe, emikono,valve emiti, n'ebindi.
12 17-4PH ekyoma ekitarikukyereba
Martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel erimu obugumire bwa HRC44 eine amaani maingi, obugumire n’okuzibira okusheenya kandi terikubaasa kukoresibwa aha bwire bw’obutagatsi oburi ahaiguru ya 300 .°C. Eine obushoboorozi burungi bw’okuzibira okusheenya omu mwanya n’okukyendeeza aha asidi nari omunyugunyu. Okuzibira kwayo okusheenya ni nk’okw’ekyoma 304 ekitarikukyereba n’ekyoma 430 ekitarikukyereba. Nikikozesibwa kukora emyanya y’okukoreramu aha nyanja, ebikwato by’okuteera emotoka,ekihuguhuguvalve (emitima ya valvu, entebe za valvu, emikono, emiti ya valvu) wait.
In valve okuteekateeka n’okutoorana, enkora zitari zimwe na zimwe, omubaro, n’emiringo y’ekyoma ekitarikukyereba nibikira kushangwa. Omu kutoorana, ekizibu kiine kuteekateekwaho kuruga omu miteekateekyere mingi nk‘omuringo gw‘okukora ogw‘omutaano, obutagatsi, okugyemeserezibwa, ebicweka ebiine oburemeezi, okusheenya, n‘omuhendo.
Obwire bw'okuhandiika: Okwamushanju-20-2022
